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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank all technical staff of Takumi laboratory for their assistance. We are grateful
to the Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, RIKEN CBS Research Resources Division,
for array CGH. C-WL was supported by fellowships from the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Tokyo Biochemical Research Foundation (TBRF).
This work was in part supported by KAKENHI (15F15105, 16H06316, 16H06463,
C.-W. Lin et al.
14
19K16529, 21H00202, 21H04813, 21K19351) from JSPS and the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and
Development (AMED) under Grant Number JP21wm0425011, Japan Science and
Technology Agency (JST) under Grant Number JPMJMS2299, Intramural Research
Grant (30-9) for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP, the Takeda Science
Foundation, Smoking Research Foundation, TBRF, Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation, The Naito Foundation, and The Tokumori Yasumoto Memorial Trust for
Researches on Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Related Rare Neurological Diseases.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material
available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-01999-z.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Toru Takumi.
Reprints and permission information is available at http://www.nature.com/
reprints
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims
in published maps and institutional affiliations.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
C-WL conceived the idea of this study. C.-W.L. performed or was involved in all
experiments. MK, KA, K Takeshita, and KH performed 16S rRNA metagenomic
sequencing. The anatomical MRI was performed and analyzed by JB and JPL. Wholegenome SNP scanning was performed by IM and SW. C-WL wrote the paper and TJM
provided suggestions for the logic flow of this manuscript, with editing provided by
TJM, K Tamada, and TT.
FUNDING
Open access funding provided by Kobe University.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons
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COMPETING INTERESTS
The authors declare no competing interests.
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