1.
Collaboration GB of DC (2019) Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life
lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: a
systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol 5: 1749–1768. https://doi.org/
10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996 PMID: 31560378
2.
Todd J, McGrath EE (2010) Chest X-ray mass in a patient with lung cancer! QJM An Int J Med 104:
903–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcq159 PMID: 20829191
3.
Wang W, Xu X, Tian B, Wang Y, Du L, et al. (2017) The diagnostic value of serum tumor markers CEA,
CA19-9, CA125, CA15-3, and TPS in metastatic breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 470: 51–55. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cca.2017.04.023 PMID: 28457854
4.
Kim HR, Jung HK, Ko KH, Kim SJ, Lee KS (2016) Mammography, US, and MRI for preoperative prediction of extensive intraductal component of invasive breast cancer: interobserver variability and performances. Clin Breast Cancer 16: 305–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2016.02.005 PMID: 27025667
5.
Brandman S, Ko JP (2011) Pulmonary nodule detection, characterization, and management with multidetector computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 26: 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1097/RTI.
0b013e31821639a9 PMID: 21508732
6.
Truong MT, Viswanathan C, Erasmus JJ (2011) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography
in lung cancer staging, prognosis, and assessment of therapeutic response. J Thorac Imaging 26:
132–146. https://doi.org/10.1097/RTI.0b013e3182128704 PMID: 21508735
7.
Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart M, et al. (2013) Personalizing the
treatment of women with early breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus
on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2013. Ann Oncol 24: 2206–2223. https://doi.org/10.
1093/annonc/mdt303 PMID: 23917950
8.
Poli D, Goldoni M, Corradi M, Acampa O, Carbognani P, et al. (2010) Determination of aldehydes in
exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer by means of on-fiber-derivatisation SPME–GC/MS. J Chromatogr B 878: 2643–2651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.022 PMID: 20149763
9.
Matsumura K, Opiekun M, Oka H, Vachani A, Albelda SM, et al. (2010) Urinary volatile compounds as
biomarkers for lung cancer: a proof of principle study using odor signatures in mouse models of lung
cancer. PLoS One 5: e8819. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008819 PMID: 20111698
10.
Chikawa J, Mouri Y, Shima H, Yamada K, Yamamoto H, et al. (2014) A correlation of breast cancer and
calcium levels in hair analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. J Xray Sci Technol 22: 587–603. https://doi.org/
10.3233/XST-140447 PMID: 25265920
11.
Sonoda H, Kohnoe S, Yamazato T, Satoh Y, Morizono G, et al. (2011) Colorectal cancer screening with
odour material by canine scent detection. Gut 60: 814–819. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2010.218305
PMID: 21282130
12.
Sun X, Shao K, Wang T (2016) Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath as
noninvasive methods for cancer diagnosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 408: 2759–2780. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00216-015-9200-6 PMID: 26677028
13.
Silva CL, Perestrelo R, Silva P, Toma´s H, Caˆmara JS (2017) Volatile metabolomic signature of human
breast cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 7: 43969. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43969 PMID: 28256598
14.
Shuster G, Gallimidi Z, Reiss AH, Dovgolevsky E, Billan S, et al. (2011) Classification of breast cancer
precursors through exhaled breath. Breast Cancer Res Treat 126: 791–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10549-010-1317-x PMID: 21190078
15.
Di Natale C, Macagnano A, Martinelli E, Paolesse R, D’Arcangelo G, et al. (2003) Lung cancer identification by the analysis of breath by means of an array of non-selective gas sensors. Biosens Bioelectron
18: 1209–1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00086-1 PMID: 12835038
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235442 June 29, 2020
13 / 14
PLOS ONE
Characteristic compounds in breast cancer cell lines
16.
Shirasu M, Touhara K (2011) The scent of disease: volatile organic compounds of the human body
related to disease and disorder. J Biochem 150: 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvr090 PMID:
21771869
17.
Jones AP (1999) Indoor air quality and health. Atmos Environ 33: 4535–4564. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1352-2310(99)00272-1
18.
Hakim M, Broza YY, Barash O, Peled N, Phillips M, et al. (2012) Volatile organic compounds of lung
cancer and possible biochemical pathways. Chem Rev 112: 5949–5966. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cr300174a PMID: 22991938
19.
Maneerat C, Hayata Y, Kozuka H, Sakamoto K, Osajima Y (2002) Application of the porapak Q column
extraction method for tomato flavor volatile analysis. J Agric Food Chem 50: 3401–3404. https://doi.
org/10.1021/jf011626r PMID: 12033802
20.
Fukamachi M, Matsui T, Shimoda M, Nakashima M, Osajima Y (1993) Sorption depression of flavors
into modified EVA film by lowering film-flavor affinity. J Agric Food Chem 41: 929–932. https://doi.org/
10.1021/jf00030a018
21.
Fukamachi M, Matsui T, Hwang Y-H, Shimoda M, Osajima Y (1996) Sorption behavior of flavor compounds into packaging films from ethanol solution. J Agric Food Chem 44: 2810–2813. https://doi.org/
10.1021/jf950707i
22.
van Den Dool H, Kratz P Dec. (1963) A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas—liquid partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 11: 463–471. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X
23.
Hanai Y, Shimono K, Oka H, Baba Y, Yamazaki K, et al. (2012) Analysis of volatile organic compounds
released from human lung cancer cells and from the urine of tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Cell Int 12: 7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-12-7 PMID: 22364569
24.
Belitz H-D, Grosch W, Schieberle P (2009) Food Chemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 158–247 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69934-7_4
25.
Phillips M, Gleeson K, Hughes JMB, Greenberg J, Cataneo RN, et al. (1999) Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 353: 1930–1933. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07552-7 PMID: 10371572
26.
Fuchs P, Loeseken C, Schubert JK, Miekisch W (2010) Breath gas aldehydes as biomarkers of lung
cancer. Int J Cancer 126: 2663–2670. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24970 PMID: 19839051
27.
Phillips M, Cataneo RN, Ditkoff BA, Fisher P, Greenberg J, et al. (2006) Prediction of breast cancer
using volatile biomarkers in the breath. Breast Cancer Res Treat 99: 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10549-006-9176-1 PMID: 16502014
28.
Amal H, Shi D-Y, Ionescu R, Zhang W, Hua Q-L, et al. (2014) Assessment of ovarian cancer conditions
from exhaled breath. Int J Cancer 136: E614–E622. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29166 PMID: 25159530
29.
Yazdanpanah M, Luo X, Lau R, Greenberg M, Fisher LJ, et al. (1997) Cytotoxic aldehydes as possible
markers for childhood cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 23: 870–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849
(97)00070-1 PMID: 9378366
30.
Altomare DF, Di Lena M, Porcelli F, Trizio L, Travaglio E, et al. (2012) Exhaled volatile organic compounds identify patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 100: 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.
8942 PMID: 23212621
31.
Abaffy T, Mo¨ller M, Riemer DD, Milikowski C, Defazio RA (2011) A case report—Volatile metabolomic
signature of malignant melanoma using matching skin as a control. J Cancer Sci Ther 3: 140–144.
https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000076 PMID: 22229073
32.
Shigeyama H, Wang T, Ichinose M, Ansai T, Lee S-W (2019) Identification of volatile metabolites in
human saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma via zeolite-based thin-film microextraction coupled with GC–MS. J Chromatogr B 1104: 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.
002 PMID: 30445287
33.
Henry NL, Hayes DF (2012) Cancer biomarkers. Mol Oncol 6: 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
molonc.2012.01.010 PMID: 22356776
34.
Huang D, Li T, Li X, Zhang L, Sun L, et al. (2014) HIF-1-mediated suppression of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and fatty acid oxidation is critical for cancer progression. Cell Rep 8: 1930–1942. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.028 PMID: 25242319
35.
Onkenhout W, Venizelos V, van der Poel PF, van den Heuvel MP, Poorthuis BJ (1995) Identification
and quantification of intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plasma of patients with fatty
acid oxidation disorders. Clin Chem 41: 1467 LP–1474. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.10.1467
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235442 June 29, 2020
14 / 14
...