1) T. Kachi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 100210 (2014).
2) T. Oka, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 58, SB0805 (2019).
3) J. L. Lyons, A. Janotti, and C. G. Van de Walle, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 152108 (2010).
4) D. O. Demochenko, I. C. Diallo, and M. A. Reshchikov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 087404
(2013).
5) J. L. Lyons, A. Janotti, and C. G. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. B 89, 035204 (2014).
6) N. Sawada, T. Narita, M. Kanechika, T. Uesugi, T. Kachi, M. Horita, T. Kimoto, and J.
Suda, Appl. Phys. Express 11, 041001 (2018).
7) T. Narita, K. Tomita, Y. Tokuda, T. Kogiso, M. Horita, and T. Kachi, J. Appl. Phys. 124,
215701 (2018).
8) G. Piao, K. Ikenaga, Y. Yano, H. Tokunaga, A. Mishima, Y. Ban, T. Tabuchi, K.
Matsumoto, J. Cryst. Growth 456, 137 (2016).
9) A. Usui, H. Sanakawa, and A. A. Yamaguchi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L899 (1997).
10) K. Motoki, T. Okahisa, N. Matsumoto, M. Matsushita, H. Kimura, H. Kasai, K.
Takemoto, K. Umetsu, T. Hirano, M. Nakayama, S. Nakahata, M. Ueno, D. Hara, Y.
Kumagai, A. Koukitu, and H. Seki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40, L140 (2001).
11) Y. Oshima, T. Eri, M. Shibata, H. Sunakawa, K. Kobayashi, T. Ichihashi, and A. Usui,
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, L1 (2003).
12) H. Fujikura, T. Konno, T. Yoshida, and F. Horikiri, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 085503 (2017).
13) K. Kanegae, H. Fujikura, Y. Otoki, T. Konnno, T. Yoshida, M. Horita, T. Kimoto, and J.
Suda, Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 012103 (2019).
14) H. Amano, M. Kito, K. Hiramatsu, and I. Akasaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, L2112 (1989).
15) S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, M. Senoh, and N. Iwasa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31, L139 (1992).
16) H. Sakurai, M. Omori, S. Yamada, Y. Furukawa, H. Suzuki, T. Narita, K. Kataoka, M.
Horita, M. Bockowski, J. Suda, and T. Kachi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 142101 (2019).
17) A. Usikov, O. Kovalenkov, V. Soukhoveev, V. Ivantsov, A. Syrkin, V. Dmitriev, A. Yu.
Nikiforov, S. G. Sundaresan, S. J. Jeliazkov, and A. V. Davydov, Phys. Status Solidi C 5,
1829 (2008).
18) S. Takashima, K. Ueno, H. Matsuyama, T. Inamoto, M. Edo, T. Takahashi, M. Shimizu,
and K. Nakagawa, Appl. Phys. Express 10, 121004 (2017).
19) C. B. Alcock, V. P. Itkin, and M. K. Horrigan, Can. Metall. Quart. 23, 309 (1984).
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
20) T. Sata, J. Mineral. Soc. Jpn. 16, 137 (1983).
21) I. Gutman, L. Klinger, I. Gotman, and M. Shapiro, Scripta Mater. 45, 363 (2001).
22) G. W. Brindley and R. Hayami, Phil. Mag. 12, 505 (1965).
23) A. Koukitu, S. Hama, T. Taki, and H. Seki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 762 (1998).
24) J. Neugebauer and C. G. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4452 (1995).
25) H. Obloh, K. H. Bachem, U. Kaufmann, M. Kunzer, M. Meir, A. Ramakrishnan, and P.
Schlotter, J. Cryst. Growth 195, 270 (1998).
26) M. A. Reshchikov and H. Morkoç, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 061301 (2005).
27) M. A. Reshchikov, D. O. Demchenko, J. D. McNamara, S. Fernández-Garrido, and R.
Calarco, Phys. Rev. B 90, 035207 (2014).
28) C. G. Van de Walle and J. Neugebauer, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 3851 (2004).
29) M. Horita, S. Takashima, R. Tanaka, H. Matsuyama, K. Ueno, M. Edo, T. Takahashi, M.
Shimizu, and J. Suda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 031001 (2017).
30) B. Šantić, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 21, 1484 (2006).
31) G. L. Pearson and J. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. 75, 865 (1949).
32) P. P. Debye and E. M. Conwell, Phys. Rev. 93, 693 (1954).
33) W. Götz, R. S. Kern, C. H. Chen, H. Liu, D. A. Steigerwald, and R. M. Fletcher, Mater.
Sci. Eng. B 59, 211 (1999).
34) K. Karch, J.-M. Wagner, and F. Bechstedt, Phys. Rev. B 57, 7043 (1998).
35) T. Narita, K. Tomita, K. Kataoka, Y. Tokuda, T. Kogiso, H. Yoshida, N. Ikarashi, K.
Iwata, M. Nagao, N. Sawada, M. Horita, J. Suda, and T. Kachi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 59,
SA0804 (2020).
36) S. Brochen, J. Brault, S. Chenot, A. Dussaigne, M. Leroux, and B. Damilano, Appl. Phys.
Lett. 103, 032102 (2013).
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
Table I.
Mg concentration
(cm−3)
2.8 × 1019
𝑁𝑁A
(cm−3)
3.4 × 1019
𝑁𝑁D
(cm−3)
3.0 × 1018
𝐸𝐸A0
(meV)
232 ± 15
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
Figure Captions
Table 1. Acceptor concentration, donor concentration, and ionization energy
obtained by Hall-effect measurement of p-type GaN with Mg concentration of 2.8
× 1019 cm−3.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the HVPE system for the growth of Mg-doped GaN films
using MgO.
Fig. 2. (a) SIMS depth profile of Mg concentration for Mg-doped GaN films with various
HCl flow rates in the MgO zone and (b) Mg, H, and O concentrations as a function of HCl
flow rate.
Fig. 3. Nomarski-type microscopy images of samples with various Mg concentrations.
Fig. 4. Room-temperature PL spectra of UID-GaN film and Mg-doped GaN films with
various Mg concentrations.
Fig. 5. Temperature dependence of (a) hole concentration and (b) hole mobility of the sample
with Mg concentration of 2.8 × 1019 cm−3.
10
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
Source zone
Growth zone
Exhaust
NH3, H2, N2
HCl, N2
MgO
Sub.
HCl, N2
Ga melt
NH3, H2, N2
Fig. 1.
11
Holder
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 2.
12
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
Mg concentration
(cm−3)
1.5 × 1019
4.4 × 1019
Nomarski-type
microscopy image
100 µm
Fig. 3.
13
6.8 × 1019
9.0 × 1019
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
Fig.4.
14
Template for APEX (Jan. 2014)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 5.
15
...