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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI (20J12977: K.Y.; 19K08444: A.M.; 19H03698: Y.K.).

Author contributions

A.M. designed and supervised the study. K.Y. wrote the manuscript. A.M. and N.I. reviewed all EUS findings

in the study. K.Y., N.I., A.M., M.T., H.T., A.S., T.K., T.T, M.T, S.A., M.G., S.A., S.M., H.U., S.K., K.N., Y.H., and

M.M. collected the data. K.Y., N.I., and A.M. analyzed and interpreted the data. M.K. and T.I. reviewed all slides

in the study and advised on pathological diagnosis as needed. All authors critically revised this manuscript for

crucial intellectual content and provided their final approval of the version to be published.

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://​doi.​org/​

10.​1038/​s41598-​023-​38920-1.

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.M.

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