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Study on the effect of S-allyl cysteine on testosterone production and neuroprotection

RANA MD MASUD 東北大学

2021.09.24

概要

Due to the advancement of science and technology especially in medical science, the average life span of the population all over the world has been increased. The global population over 60 years old was 382 million in 1980, which increased more than double in 2017 to 962 million. This elderly population will be expected to double again in 2050 to nearly 2.1 billion. On the other hand, the population aged over 80 years will become triple from the present 137 million to 425 million in 2050. At present Japan has the world’s largest aged population over 60 years which is 33.4% of Japan’s total population and it will also remain in the top country list in 2050 (42.4%) [1]. The process of aging is associated with the onset of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis hypogonadism, and neurodegenerative diseases [2]. As a result of population aging the health cost for elderly people is increasing day by day all over the world. As Japan has the highest number of aged people with respect to its population, per capita health cost for the elderly people is also the highest in Japan. This cost will also increase in the near future [1]. Therefore, effective measures should be taken now to prevent age-related diseases for improving the healthy lifespan.

With aging testosterone synthesis declines in the male that is defined as late onset hypogonadism. Several diseases are also associated with the onset of hypogonadism. Moreover, testosterone exerts many physiological functions in various organs to ameliorate many diseases [3]. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to restore the testosterone level especially for elderly men has been popularly used as a medication. However, TRT has been reported with several adverse effects such as cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer, lower urinary tract symptoms, obstructive sleep apnea, and erythrocytosis [4,5]. Therefore, it is important to search for safe medications or natural bioactive compounds to boost testosterone levels for elderly men or prevent hypogonadism in healthy men.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders involved in progressive loss and damage of neurons in the brain leading to cognitive and functional decline over time. Age is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington’s disease. Currently, there is no medicine to cure Alzheimer’s diseases and Parkinson's diseases, only some drugs are effective to ameliorate the symptoms. Oxidative stress has been implicated in these neurodegenerative diseases and several antioxidants have been reported experimentally and clinically to ameliorate these diseases [6,7].

To prevent and cure age-related diseases and reduce the cost burden, the search for bioactive compounds from natural sources with therapeutic potential is gaining research interest. Natural bioactive compounds are very easy to extract and therefore very cheap. Moreover, numerous natural compounds are being used traditionally in many cultures as therapeutic agents which are relatively less toxic and safe [8,9]. To this direction the present study focused on a bioactive compound S-allyl cysteine, exclusively found on garlic, to evaluate its role in testosterone synthesis and protection from neurotoxicity.

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