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Legends to figures

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Figure 1. Effects of HTW treatment on the molecular weight distribution. (A) The

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relationship between the elution volume and elution pattern obtained by UV detector at a

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wavelength of 210 nm. (B) SDS-PAGE was performed for separating the HTW treated

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OVA. Lane (1) molecular weight marker, (2) untreated OVA, (3) HTW treatment at 100°C,

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(4) at 130°C, (5) at 150°C, (6) at 160°C, (7) at 170°C.

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Figure 2. Effects of HTW treatment on antigenicity. Antigenicity was measured by the

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competitive ELISA method. Each HTW-treated OVA sample was mixed with the serum

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of DO11.10 mice immunized with OVA as a competing antigen. These samples were

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added to OVA-coated plates and OVA-specific IgM antibodies bound to the coated

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antigen were measured. The IC50 value shows a concentration indicating that the binding

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of the antibody was inhibited by 50%.

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Figure 3. Effects of HTW treatment on allergenicity. DO11.10 mice were given diets

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containing OVA treated with HTW or untreated OVA for 3 weeks (n = 5/group). (A) The

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amount of OVA-specific IgE in the sera from mice given OVA treated with HTW was

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measured by ELISA. (B) The amount of OVA treated with HTW at 100°C-specific IgE

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in the sera from mice fed the antigen. (C) The amount of OVA-specific IgE in the sera

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from mice given OVA treated with HTW or heated at 80°C and 100°C. * indicates

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statistical significance by the Steel-Swass test.

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Figure 4. Effects of HTW treatment on foaming properties. Foams were prepared by

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mixing for 15 seconds with a foamer (n = 3 / group). (A) Foam ability was shown by

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comparing the amount of foams two minutes after preparation against the amount pre-

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mixing. (B) Foam stability was shown by comparing the amount of foams 30 minutes

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after preparation against the amount of the solution before mixing. (C) Photos of foams

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30 minutes after preparation of (1) untreated OVA, (2) HTW treatment at 100°C, (3) at

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130°C, (4) at 150°C, (5) at 160°C, (6) at 170°C were taken. Different characters indicate

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statistical significance calculated by the Tukey-Kramer test.

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Figure 5. Effect of HTW treatment on coloring. OVA treated with HTW were dissolved

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in water to 1%. (A) The solution was centrifuged, and the absorbance of the supernatants

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was measured at 450nm. (B) Photos of (1) untreated OVA, (2) HTW treatment at 100°C,

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(3) at 130°C, (4) at 150°C, (5) at 160°C, (6) at 170°C were taken. Different characters

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indicate statistical significance calculated by the Tukey-Kramer test.

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Caption for the graphical abstract

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HTW treatment is a promising method for preparing practical materials with low

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allergenicity and high functionality.

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