Total arch replacement in octogenarians

[1] El-Sayed Ahmad A, Papadopoulos N, Risteski P, Moritz A, Zierer A. The standardized concept of moderate-to-mild (>_28◦C) systemic hypother- mia during selective antegrade cerebral perfusion for all-comers in aor- tic arch surgery: single-center experience in 587 consecutive patients over a 15-year period. Ann Thorac Surg 2017;104:49–55.

[2] Suzuki T, Asai T, Nota H, Kuroyanagi S, Kinoshita T, Takashima N et al. Selective cerebral perfusion with mild hypothermic lower body circula- tory arrest is safe for aortic arch surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 43:e94–8.

[3] Zierer A, El-Sayed Ahmad A, Papadopoulos N, Moritz A, Diegeler A, Urbanski PP. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion and mild (28◦C-30◦C) systemic hypothermic circulatory arrest for aortic arch replacement: results from 1002 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:1042–50.

[4] Geokas MC, Lakatta EG, Makinodan T, Timiras PS. The ageing process. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:455–66.

[5] Oskvig RM. Special problems in the elderly. Chest 1999;115:158S–64S.

[6] Karimi A, McCord MR, Beaver TM, Martin TD, Hess PJ, Beck AW et al. Operative and mid-term outcomes of thoracic aortic operation in octo- genarians and beyond. J Card Surg 2016;31:334–40.

[7] Asai T, Suzuki T, Nota H, Kuroyanagi S, Kinoshita T, Takashima N et al. Total arch replacement with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion and mild hypothermic circulatory arrest. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013;2: 235–8.

[8] Kawatou M, Minakata K, Sakamoto K, Nakatsu T, Tazaki J, Higami H et al. Comparison of endovascular repair with branched stent graft and open repair for aortic arch aneurysm. Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg 2017;25:246–53.

[9] Joo H-C, Youn Y-N, Lee S-H, Lee S, Chang B-C, Yoo K-J. Clinical out- comes of different surgical approaches for proximal descending thoracic aneurysm involving the distal arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018;155: 2289–98.e1.

[10] Rango PD, Ferrer C, Coscarella C, Musumeci F, Verzini F, Pogany G et al. Contemporary comparison of aortic arch repair by endovascular and open surgical reconstruction. J Vasc Surg 2015;61:339–46.

[11] Wang X, Yang F, Zhu J, Liu Y, Sun L, Hou X. Aortic arch surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest and unilateral antegrade cerebral per- fusion: perioperative outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;159: 374–87.

[12] Okada K, Omura A, Kano H, Nakai H, Miyahara S, Minami H et al. Outcome of elective total arch replacement in patients with non- dialysis-dependent renal insufficiency stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147:966–72.

[13] Okita Y, Okada K, Omura A, Kano H, Minami H, Inoue T et al. Total arch replacement using antegrade cerebral perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:S63–71.

[14] Minatoya K, Inoue Y, Sasaki H, Tanaka H, Seike Y, Oda T et al. Total arch replacement using a 4-branched graft with antegrade cerebral perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;157:1370–8.

[15] Leontyev S, Davierwala PM, Semenov M, von Aspern K, Krog G, Noack T et al. Antegrade selective perfusion reduced in-hospital mortality and permanent focal neurological deficit in patients with elective aortic arch surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019;56:1001–8.

[16] Camboni D, Philipp A, Schebesch KM, Schmid C. Accuracy of core tem- perature measurement in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg 2008;7:922–4.

[17] Iung B, Cachier A, Baron G, Messika-Zeitoun D, Delahaye F, Tornos P et al. Decision-making in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis: why are so many denied surgery? Eur Heart J 2005;26:2714–20.

[18] Varadarajan P, Kapoor N, Bansal RC, Pai RG. Clinical profile and natural history of 453 nonsurgically managed patients with severe aortic steno- sis. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:2111–15.

[19] Mirabel M, Iung B, Baron G, Messika-Zeitoun D, Detaint D, Vanoverschelde JL et al. What are the characteristics of patients with se- vere, symptomatic, mitral regurgitation who are denied surgery? Eur Heart J 2007;28:1358–65.

[20] Alexander KP, Roe MT, Chen AY, Lytle BL, Pollack CV Jr, Foody JM et al. Evolution in cardiovascular care for elderly patients with non-ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1479–87.

[21] Flores J, Kunihara T, Shiiya N, Yoshimoto K, Matsuzaki K, Yasuda K. Extensive deployment of the stented elephant trunk is associated with an increased risk of spinal cord injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131:336–42.

[22] Nishi H, Mitsuno M, Tanaka H, Ryomoto M, Fukui S, Miyamoto Y. Spinal cord injury in patients undergoing total arch replacement: a cautionary note for use of the long elephant technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;142:1084–9.

[23] Leontyev S, Misfeld M, Daviewala P, Borger MA, Etz CD, Belaev S et al. Early- and medium-term results after aortic arch replacement with fro- zen elephant trunk techniques-a single center study. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013;2:606–11.

[24] Kinoshita T, Yoshida H, Hachiro K, Suzuki T, Asai T. Spinal cord collateral flow during antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;160:37–43.