1. Ministry of Health Law. Outline of the National Health and
Nutrition Survey Japan 2016. Available from: https://www.
mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000177189.html. Accessed August
26, 2019.
2. Haneda M, Noda M, Origasa H, et al. Japanese clinical
practice guideline for diabetes 2016. J Diabetes Investig 2018;
9: 657–697.
3. Arakawa S, Watanabe T, Sone H, et al. Current situation
of diet and exercise therapy in terms of medical
consultations in patients with diabetes mellitus in Japan:
a nationwide survey. J Jpn Diabetes Soc 2015; 58: 265–
278 (Japanese).
4. Sato Y, Sone H, Kobayashi M, et al. Current situation of
exercise therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus in Japan
(Report No. 1): Nationwide survey to physicians using the
questionnaires. J Jpn Diabetes Soc 2015; 58: 568–575
(Japanese).
5. Chiaki M. Practical Guide on the Health Behavior Theories
for the Medical and Health Care Staff – Focusing on the
Lifestyle‐Related Disease, 1st edn. Tokyo: Ishiyaku Publishers,
Inc, 2002 (Japanese).
6. Sarkar U, Fisher L, Schillinger D. Is self‐efficacy associated
with diabetes self‐management across race/ethnicity and
health literacy? Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 823–829.
J Diabetes Investig Vol. No. 2020
http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jdi
7. Dishman RK, Vandenberg RJ, Motl RW, et al. Using
constructs of the transtheoretical model to predict classes of
change in regular physical activity: a multi‐ethnic
longitudinal cohort study. Ann Behav Med 2010; 40: 150–
163.
8. Dutton GR, Tan F, Provost BC, et al. Relationship between
self‐efficacy and physical activity among patients with type
2 diabetes. J Behav Med 2009; 32: 270–277.
9. Panasonic. Core Training Chair EU‐JC70 2018. Available from:
https://panasonic.jp/fitness/coretra/products/eu‐jc70.html.
Accessed August 26, 2019 (Japanese).
10. Dela F, Ploug T, Handberg A, et al. Physical training
increases muscle GLUT4 protein and mRNA in patients with
NIDDM. Diabetes 1994; 43: 862–865.
11. Hickner RC, Fisher JS, Hansen PA, et al. Muscle glycogen
accumulation after endurance exercise in trained and
untrained individuals. J Appl Physiol 1997; 83: 897–903.
12. Kim CH, Wheatley CM, Behnia M, et al. Effect of aging on
relationships between lean body mass and VO2max in
rowers. PLoS ONE 2016; 11: e0160275.
13. Jang DG, Ko BH, Sunoo S, et al. A modified D‐max method
to estimate heart rate at a ventilatory threshold during an
incremental exercise test. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
2017; 2017: 4503–4506.
14. Kozey SL, Lyden K, Howe CA. Accelerometer output and
MET values of common physical activities. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 2010; 42: 1776–1784.
15. Ázara HM, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW. Standardized MET
value underestimates the energy cost of treadmill running
in men. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 890–896.
16. Fujika Y, Hamada H, Sekikawa K. Effect of body weight
support on predicted locomotive physical activity. J Phys
Ther Sci 2018; 30: 759–763.
17. Byrne NM, Hills AP, Hunter GR. Metabolic equivalent: one
size does not fit all. J Appl Physiol 1985; 2005: 1112–1119.
18. Savage PD, Toth MJ, Ades PA. A re‐examination of the
metabolic equivalent concept in individuals with coronary
heart disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2007; 27: 143–148.
19. Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Montenegro R. Metabolic
equivalent concept in apparently healthy men: a re‐
examination of the standard oxygen uptake value of 3.5
mL·kg(‐1) min(‐1). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38: 1115–
1119.
20. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 1982; 14: 377–381.
21. Seichi A, Hoshino Y, Doi T, et al. Development of a
screening tool for risk of locomotive syndrome in the
elderly: the 25‐question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale.
J Orthop Sci 2012; 17: 163–172.
22. Nomura T, Ishiguro T, Ohira M, et al. Regular exercise
behavior is related to lower extremity muscle strength in
patients with type 2 diabetes: data from the multicenter
survey of the isometric lower extremity strength in type 2
diabetes study. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9: 426–429.
ª 2020 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by AASD and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jdi
23. Choi JH, Lee B, Han KD, et al. The impact of parity and age
at first and last childbirth on the prevalence of delayed‐
onset asthma in women: the Korean National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey. Maturitas 2017; 97: 22–27.
24. National Institute of Health and Nutrition. METS table of
physical activity Revised edition 2012. Available from: http://
www.nibiohn.go.jp/files/2011mets.pdf. Accessed August 26,
2019.
25. Japan Diabetes Society. Diabetes Clinical Practice Guidelines
2016. Exercise Therapy. Available from: http://www.fa.kyorin.
co.jp/jds/uploads/GL2016‐04.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2019
(Japanese).
26. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical activity/
exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American
Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2016; 39: 2065–2079.
27. Little JP, Gillen JB, Percival ME, et al. Low‐volume high‐
intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and
increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with
type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol 2011; 111: 1554–1560.
28. Weller I, Corey P. The impact of excluding non‐leisure energy
expenditure on the relation between physical activity and
mortality in women. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 632–635.
29. Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, et al. Sedentary Behavior
Research Network (SBRN) – Terminology Consensus Project
process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14: 75.
ª 2020 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by AASD and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Use of PBTE in patients with T2DM
30. Levine JA, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD. Role of nonexercise
activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans.
Science 1999; 283: 212–214.
31. Dunstan DW, Kingwell BA, Larsen R, et al. Breaking up
prolonged sitting reduces postprandial glucose and insulin
responses. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 976–983.
32. Duvivier BMFM, Schaper NC, Hesselink MKC, et al. Breaking
sitting with light activities vs structured exercise: a
randomised crossover study demonstrating benefits for
glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
Diabetologia 2017; 60: 490–498.
33. Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, et al. Prevalence of knee
osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, and osteoporosis in
Japanese men and women: the research on osteoarthritis/
osteoporosis against disability study. J Bone Miner Metab
2009; 27: 620–628.
34. Schett G, Kleyer A, Perricone C, et al. Diabetes is an
independent predictor for severe osteoarthritis: results from
a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 403–
409.
35. Taylor WJ, Dean SG, Siegert RJ. Differential association of
general and health self‐efficacy with disability, health‐related
quality of life and psychological distress from
musculoskeletal pain in a cross‐sectional general adult
population survey. Pain 2006; 125: 225–232.
J Diabetes Investig Vol. No. 2020
...