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Supplementary material
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Figures S1–S8, Code for Figures
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Ethics
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Not applicable.
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Data accessibility
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No new data was used. The source code for figures has been included in supplementary
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material.
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Competing interests
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The author declares no competing interests.
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Funding
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This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (grant numbers
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#20K06826) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Acknowledgments
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This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (#20K06826) from
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the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The author appreciates the support from the
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Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences at Shimane University for providing financial
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aid to publish this article.
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Author contributions
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AM performed all research and wrote the manuscript.
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Figure legends
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Fig. 1. Effects of foraging activity cycles on stability. Each circle represents a different
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model with or without an activity cycle. D, M, and Y represent diel, monthly, and annual
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cycles, respectively. DM, DY, MY, and DMY represent combinations of the cycles. A
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random model was assumed. N = 50 and C = 0.5. h ij = 5.
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Fig. 2. Relationships between food web complexity and stability. (a) Effects of species
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richness. C = 0.5. (b) Effects of connectance. N = 50. Red and blue represent cases with or
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without activity cycles, respectively. h ij = 5.
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