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ライグラスいもち病菌のコムギに対する非病原力遺伝子の解析

Jiang, Yushan 蒋, 宇珊 ショウ, ウサン 神戸大学

2020.09.25

概要

Blast is one of the most devastating plant diseases worldwide. Pyricularia oryzae, a causal agent of blast disease of gramineous plants, consists of several subgroups or pathotypes, each of which is pathogenic on a plant genus, e.g., Oryza (including rice), Setaria (including foxtail millet), Eleusine (including finger millet), Lolium (including ryegrass), or Triticum (wheat). The specificity between these pathotypes and their hosts is governed by gene-for-gene interactions between fungal avirulence genes and their corresponding resistance genes. In the present study, distribution of avirulence genes in Lolium isolates were examined.

　PWT3 and PWT7 are avirulence genes identified in an Avena isolate and correspond to Rwt3 and Rwt7 in wheat. All Lolium isolates carried PWT3 homologs, while a half of them (prg isolates from U.S.) carried PWT7 homologs. These results suggest that the incompatibility between the prg isolates from U.S. and common wheat is conditioned by two gene pairs, PWT3-Rwt3 and PWT7-Rwt7.

　Rmg8 is a promising gene for resistance to the wheat blast fungus found in common wheat cultivar ‘S-615’. To predict the durability of Rmg8, stability of its corresponding avirulence gene, AVR-Rmg8, was examined. The first checkpoint for evaluating the stability was the genomic structure of the AVR-Rmg8 locus. Analyses of the AVR-Rmg8 locus of B71, a highly virulent Triticum isolate found in Bolivia revealed that AVR-Rmg8 was located in a gene-rich and repeat-poor region. This result suggests that AVR-Rmg8 is not so easily lost as AVR-Pita or other avirulence genes located in repeat-rich regions. This implies that Rmg8 is relatively stable compared with Pita or other resistance genes corresponding to avirulence genes in repeat-rich regions.

　The second checkpoint for evaluating the stability was distribution and polymorphisms of AVR-Rmg8 in a fungal population. However, the population of the wheat blast fungus is new, and has scarcely accumulated polymorphisms. Therefore, we examined distribution and polymorphisms of AVR-Rmg8 in the population of Lolium isolates, a close relative of Triticum isolates. Analysis of AVR-Rmg8 distribution showed that all Lolium carried its homologs. Based on the size of Southern signals, these homologs were divided into three types, eL1, eL2, and eL3. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that the eL1 and eL2 types in Lolium isolates were close to the eII type in Triticum isolate. The complementation test with the transformants carrying the eL1 and eL2 transgenes indicated that both of them were functional. These results suggest that AVR-Rmg8 is a conservative gene widely distributed in populations of Triticum and Lolium isolates.

　Completely durable resistance genes should be those corresponding to effector genes that are indispensable for pathogen’s survival. Regarding Rmg8, however, this was not the case. We found three isolates carrying eL3 were virulent on S-615 carrying Rmg8. AVR-Rmg8 in these isolates was disrupted by an insertion of retrotransposon Pyret into its ORF. Nevertheless, these isolates have survived in nature, suggesting that AVR-Rmg8 is not indispensable for the survival of Pyricularia isolates. Taken together, there is a possibility that, in future, Rmg8 will be defeated by a new race of the wheat blast fungus that lost function of AVR-Rmg8.

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