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Physiological and Pathological Mitochondrial Clearance Is Related to Pectoralis Major Muscle Pathogenesis in Broilers With Wooden Breast Syndrome

Hosotani, Marina Kawasaki, Takeshi Hasegawa, Yasuhiro Wakasa, Yui Hoshino, Maki Takahashi, Naoki Ueda, Hiromi Takaya, Tomohide Iwasaki, Tomohito Watanabe, Takafumi 信州大学 DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.00579

2020.06.22

概要

Wooden breast syndrome (WB) constitutes an emerging myopathy in the pectoralis major muscle (PM) of broiler chickens, characterized by myofiber hypertrophy and degeneration along with severe fibrosis. WB pathogenesis has been considered to involve hypoxia induced by rapid growth of the PM. In this study, we focused on mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in the myofibers, as these organelles are sensitive to damage by hypoxia, and examined the effects on WB pathogenesis. Specifically, the PMs of a flock of 35 broilers at 50 days of age were evaluated. First, the severity of disease in each bird was determined by measuring histopathological indices including the fibrotic area (FA) in the muscle and circularity of myofibers (CM). These values were 29.4 ± 9.6% and 0.70 ± 0.042, respectively, showing variety among the flock. Myofiber vacuolization was observed in all birds including numerous small- or large-rimmed vacuoles, with the former consisting of ultrastructurally autophagosome-like vacuoles engulfing degenerated mitochondria. The large-rimmed vacuoles frequently occurred in the PMs with more severe FA and CM, indicating a relationship between altered autophagy/mitophagy and WB severity. Next, the expression levels of hypoxia-adaptive and mitochondrial dynamics-related genes were analyzed, and their correlations with the histopathological indices were examined. The histopathological indices were negatively correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), indicating that less angiogenesis owing to weakened hypoxia-inducible factor signaling induces more severe WB pathology. In addition, the observed negative correlation with mitochondrial dynamics-related genes implied that WB pathology deteriorates concomitant with reduced mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related genes showed strong positive correlation with that of VEGFA and autophagy-/mitophagy-related genes. These results revealed that the PMs of broilers possess the mechanism of physiological clearance of mitochondria damaged by the hypoxia resulting from the continuous mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy/mitophagy accompanying rapid PM growth. In turn, the altered mitochondrial clearance induced by chronic hypoxia and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria likely underly the severe pathological features of WB.

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参考文献

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DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be

made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any

qualified researcher.

ETHICS STATEMENT

The animal study was reviewed and approved by the

Rakuno Gakuen University Institutional Animal Care

and Use Committee.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

MarH, YH, YW, and MakH acquired the data. MarH, YW,

and MakH analyzed the data. MarH, TI, and TW interpreted

the results. TK, TT, TI, and TW designed the study. NT

and HU provided technical assistance with transmission

electron microscopy. MarH and TW wrote the first draft

of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version

of the manuscript.

FUNDING

This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid Scientific Research (C)

from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#18K05941,

TW and #17K08067, TI).

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The Supplementary Material for this article can be found

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Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the

absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a

potential conflict of interest.

Ueda, Takaya, Iwasaki and Watanabe. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use,

distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original

author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication

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Physiological and Pathological Mitochondrial Clearance Is Related to Pectoralis Major Muscle Pathogenesis in Broilers With Wooden Breast Syndrome

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Physiological and Pathological Mitochondrial Clearance Is Related to Pectoralis Major Muscle Pathogenesis in Broilers With Wooden Breast Syndrome

概要

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