Immunosecurity: Strengthen the Impact of Immune Regulation in Domestic Animals

概要

Animal farming has been aff ected by a number of factors including national and international restrictions based on their guidelines and regulations, disease outbreak, welfare issues, balance between demand and supply of the meats and animals together with their by-products or processed-products, and economic and cultural demand. The global population increases coincident with an enhancement of living standards in developing countries, which is likely to create a high demand for animal-derived proteins over time. With that in mind, we are under great pressure and constantly facing a challenge in relation with the issues including climate change (i.e., global warming), banning on the use of antibiotics as a feed additive concordant with disease outbreak for both domestic animals (African swine fever, avian influenza, foot-and-mouse disease) and human (corona pandemic for instance). Yet, high productivity together with high quality meat from the animal would be most desirable for producers and animal farming industry. Thus, it is fair to say that current animal farming is under various psychological and physical stressful conditions, which can be categorized into nutritional factors, environmental factors, biological factors and physical factors.

　Basic, however essential, components of immune system include the recognition of self and non-self, and its remarkable specifi city for subtle chemical differences that distinguish one foreign pathogen from another. Domestic animal immunology is seemingly important as we could fi nd answers to the convoluted questions such as fi nding suitable antibiotic replacements, immunomodulants and vaccines with appropriate adjuvants. In this mini-review, I attempted to categorize aforementioned questions and to provide a direction towards our future of the animal science and biotechnology.

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