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Figure legends
FIGURE 1 Genetic trends expressed as average breeding values
of breeding cows by birth year in genetic standard deviation
units
for
beef
marbling
standard
number
(BMS
No.),
image
analysis traits (FAR, fat area ratio; FI, fineness index) and
monounsaturated
fatty
acid
(MUFA)
measured
by
spectroscopy (NIRS) and gas chromatography (GC).
near-infrared
27
Fig. 1
TABLE 1 Summary statistics for carcass grading traits, image analysis traits, and
monounsaturated fatty acids
Trait
Mean
SD
Minimum
Maximum
Carcass trait
CW (kg)
29,942
404.6
41.8
258.0
562.0
LMA (cm )
29,942
55.0
7.7
32.0
92.0
RT (cm)
29,942
6.9
0.7
4.5
10.5
SFT (cm)
29,942
2.5
0.8
0.5
6.6
BMS No.
29,942
6.8
2.0
2.0
12.0
24,704
47.1
7.3
19.4
74.8
24,704
2.6
0.5
0.5
5.4
18,570
63.2
3.1
45.8
71.8
2,952
59.2
3.6
45.8
71.7
Image analysis trait
FAR (%)
FI (count/cm )
Monounsaturated fatty acid
NIRS MUFA (%)
GC MUFA (%)
Abbreviations: CW, carcass weight; LMA, longissimus muscle area; RT, rib thickness; SFT,
subcutaneous fat thickness; BMS No., beef marbling standard number; FAR, fat area ratio;
FI, fineness index; NIRS MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid by near-infrared
spectroscopy; GC MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid by gas chromatography.
TABLE 2 Estimated variances and heritability for carcass grading traits, image analysis traits,
and monounsaturated fatty acids
Trait
Farm
Genetic
Residual
variance
variance
variance
Heritability ± SE
Carcass trait
CW
166.140
685.640
599.630
0.472 ± 0.024
LMA
3.570
36.080
21.241
0.593 ± 0.024
RT
0.047
0.233
0.259
0.432 ± 0.025
SFT
0.047
0.326
0.210
0.559 ± 0.024
BMS No.
0.270
2.809
0.988
0.691 ± 0.023
FAR
3.127
37.106
9.918
0.740 ± 0.024
FI
0.008
0.099
0.143
0.395 ± 0.029
NIRS MUFA
0.529
4.090
4.466
0.450 ± 0.033
GC MUFA
0.808
5.802
4.085
0.542 ± 0.071
Image analysis trait
Monounsaturated fatty acid
See TABLE 1 for abbreviations.
TABLE 3 Estimates of genetic (above diagonal) and phenotypic (below diagonal) correlations among carcass grading traits, image analysis
traits, and monounsaturated fatty acids
Trait
CW
CW
LMA
0.278
(0.035)
RT
SFT
0.535
(0.030)
0.204
(0.039)
BMS No.
FAR
FI
0.130
(0.036)
0.106
(0.036)
-0.197
(0.049)
0.070
(0.051)
0.129
(0.078)
0.229
(0.040)
0.291
(0.035)
0.274
(0.036)
-0.178
(0.052)
0.091
(0.054)
0.069
(0.083)
0.459
RT
0.655
0.384
SFT
0.309
-0.096
0.275
BMS No.
0.175
0.463
0.286
-0.041
FAR
0.133
0.323
0.232
-0.029
0.814
FI
-0.196
-0.159
-0.160
-0.056
-0.085
-0.169
NIRS MUFA
0.077
-0.063
0.084
0.133
-0.072
-0.113
-0.090
GC MUFA
0.124
0.034
0.098
0.085
-0.036
-0.061
-0.145
See TABLE 1 for abbreviations.
GC MUFA
0.222
(0.038)
LMA
Standard errors of genetic correlations are shown in parentheses.
NIRS MUFA
-0.289
(0.036)
0.507
(0.026)
-0.090
(0.034)
0.369
(0.029)
-0.060
(0.034)
0.959
(0.005)
-0.064
(0.047)
-0.089
(0.048)
-0.065
(0.044)
-0.219
(0.042)
-0.203
(0.047)
0.300
(0.047)
-0.228
(0.044)
-0.259
(0.044)
-0.158
(0.060)
0.467
-0.039
(0.076)
0.178
(0.078)
-0.077
(0.074)
-0.168
(0.073)
-0.062
(0.091)
0.804
(0.062)
...
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