1. Almquist EE, Burns JF Jr. Radial shortening for the treatment of Kienböck’s disease—a 5- to 10-year follow-up. J Hand Surg Am. 1982;7(4):348e352.
2. Nakamura R, Tsuge S, Watanabe K, Tsunoda K. Radial wedge osteotomy for Kienböck disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73(9): 1391e1396.
3. Armistead RB, Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH, Beckenbaugh RD. Ulnar lengthening in the treatment of Kienböck’s disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(2):170e178.
4. Almquist EE. Capitate shortening in the treatment of Kienböck’s disease. Hand Clin. 1993;9(3):505e512.
5. Wollstein R, Watson HK. Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis for arthritis. Hand Clin. 2005;21(4):539e543.
6. Yajima H, Ono H, Tamai S. Temporary internal fixation of the scaphotrapezio-trapezoidal joint for the treatment of Kienböck’s disease: a preliminary study. J Hand Surg Am. 1998;23(3):402e410.
7. Luegmair M, Saffar P. Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for treatment of late stage Kienböck disease. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2014;39(4):416e422.
8. Trumble T, Glisson RR, Seaber AV, Urbaniak JR. A biomechanical comparison of the methods for treating Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Am. 1986;11(1):88e93.
9. Horii E, Garcia-Elias M, Bishop AT, Cooney WP, Linscheid RL, Chao EY. Effect on force transmission across the carpus in proced- ures used to treat Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Am. 1990;15(3): 393e400.
10. Nakamura R, Horii E, Imaeda T. Excessive radial shortening in Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Br. 1990;15(1):46e48.
11. Hori Y, Tamai S, Okuda H, Sakamoto H, Takita T, Masuhara K. Blood vessel transplantation to bone. J Hand Surg Am. 1979;4(1):23e33.
12. Sheetz KK, Bishop AT, Berger RA. The arterial blood supply of the distal radius and ulna and its potential use in vascularized pedicled bone grafts. J Hand Surg Am. 1995;20(6):902e914.
13. Moran SL, Cooney WP, Berger RA, Bishop AT, Shin AY. The use of the 4 + 5 extensor compartmental vascularized bone graft for the treatment of Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Am. 2005;30(1):50e58.
14. Shin AY, Bishop AT, Berger RA. Vascularized pedicled bone grafts for disorders of the carpus. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 1998;2(2):94e109.
15. Ueba Y, Nosaka K, Seto Y, Ikeda N, Nakamura T. An operative procedure for advanced Kienböck’s disease. Excision of the lunate and subsequent replacement with a tendon-ball implant. J Orthop Sci. 1999;4(3):207e215.
16. Lichtman DM, Alexander AH, Mack GR, Gunther SF. Kienböck’s disease—update on silicone replacement arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 1982;7(4):343e347.
17. Viljakka T, Tallroth K, Vastamäki M. Long-term outcome (22e36 years) of silicone lunate arthroplasty for Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2014;39(4):405e415.
18. Iwasaki N, Genda E, Minami A, Kaneda K, Chao EY. Force trans- mission through the wrist joint in Kienböck’s disease: a two- dimensional theoretical study. J Hand Surg Am. 1998;23(3):415e424.
19. Fujiwara H, Oda R, Morisaki S, Ikoma K, Kubo T. Long-term results of vascularized bone graft for stage III Kienböck disease. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(5):904e908.
20. Goldfarb CA, Hsu J, Gelberman RH, Boyer MI. The Lichtman classification for Kienböck’s disease: An assessment of reliability. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28(1):74e80.
21. Kakinoki R, Matsumoto T, Suzuki T, Funakoshi N, Okamoto T, Nakamura T. Lunate plasty for Kienböck’s disease: use of a pedicled vascularised radial bone graft combined with shortening of the capitate and radius. Hand Surg. 2001;6(2):145e156.
22. Crosby CA, Wehbe MA, Mawr B. Hand strength: normative values. J Hand Surg Am. 1994;19(4):665e670.
23. Waters PM, Stewart SL. Surgical treatment of nonunion and avas- cular necrosis of the proximal part of the scaphoid in adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(6):915e920.
24. Jones DB Jr, Bürger H, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Treatment of scaphoid waist nonunions with an avascular proximal pole and carpal collapse. A comparison of two vascularized bone grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(12):2616e2625.
25. Waitayawinyu T, McCallister WV, Katolik LI, Schlenker JD, Trumble TE. Outcome after vascularized bone grafting of scaphoid nonunions with avascular necrosis. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(3): 387e394.
26. Lim TK, Kim HK, Koh KH, Lee HI, Woo SJ, Park MJ. Treatment of avascular proximal pole scaphoid nonunions with vascularized distal radius bone grafting. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(10):1906e1912.
27. Kristensen SS, Thomassen E, Christensen F. Ulnar variance in Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Br. 1986;11(2):258e260.
28. Kristensen SS, Søballe K. Kienböck’s disease—the influence of arthrosis on ulnar variance measurements. J Hand Surg Br. 1987;12(3):301e305.
29. Van de Pol GJ, Koudstaal MJ, Schuurman AH, Bleys RL. Innerva- tion of the wrist joint and surgical perspectives of denervation. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(1):28e34.