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Adverse effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in dermatology.

KOKUBU Hiraku 0000-0003-4023-367X KATO Takeshi 0000-0001-6344-4440 NISHIKAWA Junko TANAKA Toshihiro 50188314 0000-0002-9543-7277 FUJIMOTO Noriki 50378460 0000-0003-4051-0649 滋賀医科大学

2021.01.25

概要

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) combination is used for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Although TMP/SMX is frequently used in dermatology for cases treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, it is often difficult to continue the administration of TMP/SMX due to adverse events. There are only a few reported studies on the prophylaxis of PCP in dermatology. This is the first review focused on adverse events of TMP/SMX among patients with dermatological diseases compared with previous reports. In this study, we retrospectively investigated 132 cases treated with TMP/SMX and examined the adverse events. Adverse events occurred in 32 cases (24.2%) and the incidence in this study was higher than in previous reports. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 17 cases (12.5%), which was the most frequent adverse event. The possible causes of adverse events were that the standard dose of TMP/SMX may be excessive for most Japanese, in addition to the long administration period, and the concomitant use of corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants in almost all cases. We must consider the risks of PCP and adverse events of TMP/SMX in each case. It is desirable to examine possible administration methods that can be continued by adjusting the dose and interval of TMP/SMX.

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参考文献

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The Journal of Dermatology

The Journal of Dermatology

FIGURE LEGEND

Figure 1. Box-and-whisker plot shows the day of onset of each adverse

event

TABLES

Table 1. Patient characteristics

Table 2. The incidence of adverse events comparison with previous reports

El-Sadr WM, et al.

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Daily administered cases of this study versus daily administered cases of

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HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LT: liver transplantation; ND: Not

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described; RD: Rheumatic diseases

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The Journal of Dermatology

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Page 17 of 18

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Figure 1. Box-and-whisker plot shows the day of onset of each adverse event

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380x260mm (72 x 72 DPI)

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The Journal of Dermatology

The Journal of Dermatology

The Journal of Dermatology

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Our cases

(n= 132)

Adverse events

P value

(n= 32)

Age (average± standard deviation)

60.6± 17.8

59.0± 18.0

0.54

Sex (man/woman)

60/72

10/22

Bullous pemphigoid (%)

28

7 (25%)

0.97

Dermatomyositis (%)

22

6 (27.7%)

0.9

Pemphigus vulgaris (%)

3 (33.3%)

0.83

Pyoderma gangrenosum (%)

1 (14.3%)

0.82

Adult still's disease (%)

2 (33.3%)

0.86

Malignant lymphoma (%)

1 (20%)

0.94

Systemic lupus erythematosus (%)

2 (40%)

0.78

Pemphigus foliaceus (%)

1 (20%)

0.94

45

9 (20%)

0.78

Primary disease

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Others (%)

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Page 18 of 18

The Journal of Dermatology

Page 19 of 18

Table 2 The incidence of adverse events comparison with previous reports

This study

Disease

#7

Dermatological diseases

#8

RD

After

LT

#9

#10

Patients infected

with HIV

Daily dose

of Trimethoprim (mg)

80

40

160 320

80

ND

80

160

320

Daily dose of

Sulfamethoxazole (mg)

400

200

800 1600

400

ND

400

800

1600

Every Daily or

Twice

other thriceweekly

day weekly

Dosing

interval

Total

Number of

cases

132

Adverse

events (%)

32

29

(24.2) (25.2) (14.3) (50)

Daily

115

Hematologic 20

18

(%)

(15.2) (15.7) (14.3)

(2.6) (2.6)

Leukocytopenia (%)

(2.2) (2.6)

Thrombocytopenia (%)

17

15

(12.5) (13.0) (14.3)

Twice Thrice

P value*

weekly weekly

262

60

1312 1313

104

(50)

34

(13.0)

11

255 126

(18.3) (19.4) (9.6)

ND

0.15

(2.3)

72

17

(10.0) (5.5) (1.3)

ND

<0.0001

(0.8)

ND

ND

ND

21

ND

(20.2)

(0.4)

ND

(5.0)

ND

39

ND

(37.5)

(50)

(1.2)

ND

(5.0)

ND

11

ND

(10.6)

(50)

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Erythrocytopenia (%)

Daily

rR

Fo

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Elevated liver 8

enzyme (%) (5.9) (7.0)

(2.3)

11

(5.0) (0.8) (0.2)

Renal dysfunction (%)

(1.5) (1.7)

(1.9)

ND

(0.5) (0.2)

ND

0.16

Drug

eruption (%)

(4.5) (4.3)

(50)

(2.7)

ND

ND

(8.7)

ND

Intestinal

problem (%)

(0.8)

24

10

(3.3) (1.8) (0.8)

Hypersensitivity (%)

ND

ND

ND

ND ND

ND

ND

ND

130 86

(9.9) (6.5)

ND

Others

(%)

ND

(3.4%)

(0.5) (0.3)

14

0.48

(13.5)

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The Journal of Dermatology

ND

18

<0.00001

(17.3)

17

0.16

(16.3)

Daily administered cases of this study versus daily administered cases of El-Sadr WM, et al.

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LT: liver transplantation;

ND: Not described; RD: Rheumatic diseases

The Journal of Dermatology

ND

...

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