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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by JSPS/KAKENHI (No. 22657027, 23370046, 26291085,

221S0002, 16K07489, 16H06279 (PAGS), 17H03724), the Canon Foundation, the Collaborative Research Program of Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University (No.

2016-30, 2015-39), and the JST “Establishment of University Fellowships Towards The

Creation of Science Technology Innovation” Grant Number JPMJFS2123. Computational

time was provided by the SuperComputer System, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto

University. We thank Gabe Yedid, Ph.D., from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/englishediting-b) for editing a draft of this manuscript. We thank Drs. Adriana Lopes dos Santos

and Daniel Vaulot for valuable suggestions.

Author contributions

H.B. performed most of the bioinformatics analyses presented in this work and wrote

initial version of the manuscript. R.B.-M., H.E., and H.O. supervised the bioinformatics

part of the study. Y.N. performed genome assembly and gene prediction for Triparma

laevis f. inornata. A.K. coordinated the genome sequencing part of the study. S.S., S.Y.,

K.Y., M.I., and A.K. contributed to culture and DNA/RNA sequencing. N.S. contributed

to functional interpretation of the genomes. All authors contributed to the interpretation

of the results and the finalization of the manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material

available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05002-x.

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Akira Kuwata or

Hiroyuki Ogata.

Peer review information Communications Biology thanks Muhua Wang and the other

anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary

Handling Editors: Linn Hoffmann and David Favero. A peer review file is available.

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© The Author(s) 2023

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY | (2023)6:697 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05002-x | www.nature.com/commsbio

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