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Integrable deformations in 2D dilaton gravity models

Okumura, Suguru 京都大学 DOI:10.14989/doctor.k22994

2021.03.23

概要

紫外領域における重力の振る舞いを理解することは、素粒子論における中心的な課題の一つである。場の理論の相互作用はくりこみ群の観点からmarginal、relevant、irrelevantの三種類に分類される。marginalやrelevantな作用は古くから多くの研究成果がある一方で、irrelevantな作用は十分に研究がなされていなかった。なぜならば、前二者と異なりirrelevantな作用は赤外領域から紫外領域へのフローを意味し、紫外領域に行くにつれ無限個の相互作用項を誘起するため、普遍的な性質を示さず系統的な解析が困難だからである。しかし、重力はirrelevantな作用であり、その性質を理解することは、古典重力理論から量子重力理論へ至る重要な知見を与える。

本論文では、近年提案された2次元場の理論におけるΤΤ変形に注目し、2次元ディラトン重力系との関係について議論している。ΤΤ変形は系のエネルギー・運動量テンソルの行列式によって誘起される変形として定義され、irrelevantな摂動になっている。ΤΤ変形はirrelevantでありくりこみ不可能であるにもかかわらず、系の可積分性を保つ変形になっており、系のスペクトルや分配関数などの物理量が計算可能である。さらに驚くべきことに、ΤΤ変形は重力や弦理論と密接に関係していると考えられている。例えば自由スカラー場の理論に対してΤΤ変形を実行すると弦理論の南部・後藤作用が得られる。ΤΤ変形と重力の関係を調べることで、紫外領域における重力の振る舞いに対して新しい知見が得られると期待される。

ΤΤ変形と重力の関連を示す重要な成果として、Dubovskyらによる2次元ディラトン重力系の議論が挙げられる。彼らはJackiw-Teitelboim (JT) 模型と呼ばれる、AdS時空を背景に持つ2次元ディラトン重力模型から出発して、その平坦時空極限(flat-space JT模型)を解析した。その結果、flat-space JT模型と任意の物質場とが結合した系における重力摂動が、元の物質場理論のΤΤ変形として解釈可能であることが示された。つまり、古典的な重力摂動による場の理論への補正を議論することができ、実際に重力摂動によるS行列への補正が先行研究内で評価されている。しかし、この議論は平坦時空周りかつ特定のディラトン重力模型に対してしかなされていなかった。

本論文は、Dubovskyらによる先行研究の一般の2次元ディラトン重力模型に対する拡張を試み、曲がった時空周りでの重力摂動と場の理論のirrelevantな摂動との関係を明らかにしたものである。はじめに、一般のディラトンポテンシャルを持つ2次元ディラトン重力模型と物質場が結合した系における重力摂動が解析されている。2次のon-shell作用を計算することで、重力摂動が物質場理論のΤΤ変形として解釈されるためには、ディラトンポテンシャルと物質場に一定の条件が課されることが示されている。また、JT模型と共形対称な物質場が結合した系を詳しく解析し、具体的な重力解の構成に成功した。さらに興味深い例として、負の宇宙定数をもつLiouville重力系における重力摂動を議論し、共形不変性を仮定することなく、重力摂動がAdS時空上におけるΤΤ変形として解釈可能であることを指摘している。

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