1.
2.
3.
Toyofuku, M.; Nomura, N.; Eberl, L. Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019, 17, 13–24.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]
Schewechheimer, C.; Kuehn, M.J. Outer-membrane vesicles from gram-negative bacteria: Biogenesis and functions. Nat. Rev.
Microbiol. 2015, 13, 605–619. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Tashiro, Y. Bacterial membrane vesicles with multiple lipid bilayers; vesicles harboring organelle-like structures. Biosci. Biotechnol.
Biochem. 2022, 86, 967–973. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Microbiol. 2023, 3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
1036
Kadurugamuwa, J.L.; Beveridge, T.J. Virulence factors are released from Pseudomonus aerugiosa in association with membrane
vesicles during normal growth and exposure to gentamaicin: A novel mechanism of enzyme secretion. J. Bacteriol. 1995, 177,
3998–4008. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Hirayama, S.; Nakao, R. Glycine significantly enhances bacterial membrane vesicle production: A powerful approach for isolation
of LPS-reduced membrane vesicles of probiotic Escherichia coli. Microb. Biotechnol. 2020, 13, 1162–1178. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Schewechheimer, C.; Rodriguez, D.L.; Kuehn, M.J. NlpI-mediated modulation of outer membrane vesicle production through
peptidoglycan dynamics in Escherichia coli. Microbiol. Open 2015, 4, 375–389. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ojima, Y.; Sawabe, T.; Nakagawa, M.; Tahara, Y.O.; Miyata, M.; Azuma, M. Aberrant membrane structures in hypervesiculating
Escherichia coli strain ∆mlaE∆nlpI visualized by electron microscopy. Front. Microbiol. 2021, 12, 706525. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Bernadac, A.; Gavioli, M.; Lazzaroni, J.; Raina, S.; Lloubès, R. Escherichia coli tol-pal mutants form outer membrane vesicles. J.
Bacteriol. 1998, 180, 4872–4878. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Turnbull, L.; Toyofuku, M.; Hynen, A.L.; Kurosawa, M.; Pessi, G.; Petty, N.K.; Osvath, S.R.; Cárcamo-Oyarce, G.; Gloag, E.S.;
Shimoni, R.; et al. Explosive cell lysis as a mechanism for the biogenesis of bacterial membrane vesicles and biofilms. Nat.
Commun. 2016, 7, 11220. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Koh, S.; Sato, M.; Yamashina, K.; Usukura, Y.; Toyofuku, M.; Nomura, N.; Taguchi, S. Controllable secretion of multilayer vesicles
driven by microbial polymer accumulation. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 3393. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Obruca, S.; Sedlacek, P.; Slaninova, E.; Friz, I.; Daffert, C.; Meixner, K.; Sedrlova, Z.; Koller, M. Novel unexpected functions of
PHA granules. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 104, 4795–4810. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Steinbüchel, A.; Hein, S. Biochemical and molecular basis of microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms.
Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 2001, 71, 81–123. [PubMed]
Nduko, J.M.; Taguchi, S. Microbial production of biodegradable lactate-based polymers and oligomeric building blocks from
renewable and waste resources. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2021, 8, 618077. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nagao, Y.; Koh, S.; Taguchi, S.; Shimada, T. Cell-growth phase-dependent promotor replacement approach for improved
poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) production in Escherichia coli. Microb. Cell Fact. 2023, 22, 131. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Baba, T.; Ara, T.; Hasegawa, M.; Takai, Y.; Okumura, Y.; Baba, M.; Datsenko, K.A.; Tomita, M.; Wanner, B.L.; Mori, H. Construction
of Escherichia coli K-12 In-frame, single-gene knockout mutants: The Keio collection. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2006, 2, 2006.0008. [CrossRef]
[PubMed]
Kesty, N.C.; Kuehn, M.J. Incorporation of heterologous outer membrane and periplasmic proteins into Escherichia coli outer
membrane vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 2069–2076. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ojima, Y.; Sawabe, T.; Konami, K.; Azuma, M. Construction of hypervesiculation Eshcherichia coli strains and application for
secretory protein production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2019, 117, 701–709. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Roier, S.; Zingl, F.G.; Cakar, F.; Durakovic, S.; Kohl, P.; Eichmann, T.O.; Klug, L.; Gadermaier, B.; Weinzerl, K.; Prassl, R.; et al.
A novel mechanism for the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10515.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]
Jendrossek, D.; Slchow, O.; Hoppert, M. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules at the early stages of formation are localized close to
the cytoplasmic membrane in Caryphanon latum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007, 73, 586–593. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Bresan, S.; Sznajder, A.; Hauf, W.; Forchhammer, K.; Pfieffer, D.; Jendrossek, D. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules have no
phospholipids. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 26612. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual
author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to
people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
...