ASEAN food export competitiveness and dependency with China: A strategic marketing perspective（ASEAN 諸国の中国向け食品輸出の競争力と依存度: 戦略的マーケティングの視点から）

概要

ASEAN food export competitiveness and dependency with China:
A strategic marketing perspective
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Nur Syafiqah Binti Idris (㈨※⎔ቃ⤒῭Ꮫㅮᗙ࣭⎔ቃ⤒῭Ꮫศ㔝)
ʴObjectivesʵ
ʵ
To evaluate the competitiveness of ASEAN countries’ food exports to China and to evaluate China’s
dependency on food exports from ASEAN countries. Subsequently, a strategic management tool is used to
provide insights into the long-term growth opportunities of food exports from ASEAN countries to China.
ʴMethodsʵ
ʵ
The competitiveness of ASEAN-China food exports is evaluated by using the revealed comparative
advantage index (RCA), while China’s dependency on food exports from ASEAN is assessed by using the
trade combination degree index (TCD). The two indices were then plotted against each other, adapting the
concept of the BCG matrix. Trade data for this study is sourced from the UN Comtrade database
(https://comtrade.un.org/data/).
ʴResultsʵ
ʵ
Viet Nam’s exports to China are mainly food products with high comparative advantages. The signing
of the ASEAN-China FTA lessened China’s dependency on vegetables, fruits, and sugar confectionery
exports from Viet Nam. There is potential in the following Star industries in Viet Nam: beverages, sugar
confectionery, meat, live animals, animal and vegetable oils, dairy, and eggs.
Few of Indonesia’s food exports to China are competitive. The signing of the ASEAN-China FTA made
China independent of exports of live animals and beverages from Indonesia while increasing its dependence
on exports of cereals. Fish, cereals, vegetables, fruits, and beverages exports from Indonesia are recognized
to have long-term potential.
The exports of vegetables and fruits from Thailand show obvious positive development in
competitiveness and dependency, signaling proportional growth in production and product exportability.
Resources allocated in Thailand’s fish and miscellaneous edible products industries should be transferred
to develop beverages, coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices industries.
Significantly few Malaysian food exports to China are competitive. The exports of coffee, tea, cocoa,
and spices from Malaysia signal proportional growth in production and product exportability over the years.
There is room for improvement in Malaysia’s Star industries: miscellaneous edible products, fish, cereals,
vegetables and fruits, and sugar confectionery.
Although bordering China, the exports of food from Myanmar began quite recently – anywhere
between 2005 and 2010, possibly due to: insufficient production or unrecorded data. China is dependent on
most food exports from Myanmar. There is room for improvement in Myanmar’s Star industries: fish,
coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, meat, animal and vegetable oils, and beverages.
ʴConclusionʵ
ʵ
In general, all five ASEAN countries have a low comparative advantage in exports of meat and
beverages to China. China is found to have a high dependency on exports of live animals, meat, dairy
products, and eggs from bordering ASEAN countries – Viet Nam and Myanmar while showing low reliance
on exports of the same products from Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia, suggesting physical distance may
be a factor of trade of these products. As trade liberalizes between China and ASEAN countries, there is a
shifting and redistribution of sources of imports by China, lessening dependency on some countries. More
attention should be given to exports on which China has a high dependence but has a low comparative
advantage: the Star category to seize available new opportunities while ensuring long-term prospects of the
ASEAN food export industry. ...