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Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in cattle, horses and sheep in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

LI Yongchang 帯広畜産大学

2021.02.08

概要

Ticks carry and transmit a wide range of pathogens (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) which are of importance to humans and animals globally. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) is located in the northwest part of China, which occupies one-sixth of the country's land area and borders eight countries including Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Livestock production is known as a main industry in XUAR. Additionally, this region is located in halfway along the old Silk Road between eastern Asia and Europe, therefore, the international livestock trade is frequent. Although several studies focusing on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of ticks in XUAR have been reported, prevalence and molecular investigation of these TBPs in livestock are still limited. Therefore, the present study is to investigate tick-borne pathogens of cattle, horses and sheep in XUAR, China.

 In chapter 1,TBPs were identified in cattle in XUAR. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays and gene sequencing were used to detect Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, Coxiella burnetii and Anaplasma bovis infections in cattle in XUAR. Out of 195 samples tested, 67 (34.4%), 40 (20.5%), 24 (12.3%) and 10 (5.1%) were positive for B. bigemina, C. burnetii,B. bovis and A. bovis, respectively. Mixed infections involving 2-3 pathogens were observed in the present study. The most common dual infections were B. bigemina + C. burnetii while the most frequent triple infections were B. bigemina + B. bovis + C. burnetii with co-infection rates of 6.2% (12/195) and 1.0% (2/195), respectively. Although clinical cases were not observed, it is possible that cattle infected with multiple pathogens may have more pronounced clinical signs or hematological abnormalities than those infected with single pathogens. It suggests that B. bovis,B. bigemina and C. burnetii were co-infection of pathogens in cattle in XUAR. This study revealed the existence and genetic diversity of B. bigemina, B. bovis, C. burnetii and A. bovis in cattle in XUAR. The current data determined the infection rates of detected pathogens in cattle in that region and suggest the possible emergence of tick-borne diseases in animals in XUAR.

 In chapter 2, TBPs were investigated in horses in XUAR. Molecular survey of C. burnetii, Rickettsia spp., B. caballi and T. equi were investigated in horses in XUAR by using nPCR assays and gene sequencing. Out of 200 samples tested,114 (57.0%), 79 (39.5%), 79 (39.5%) and 49 (24.5%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., C. burnetii, T. equi, and B. caballi. Mixed inactions involving 2-4 pathogens were observed in the present study. The most common dual infections were with Rickettsia spp. + T. equi while the most frequent triple infections were C. burnetii + Rickettsia spp. + T. equi with co-infection rates of 11.0% (22/200) and 8.5% (17/200), respectively. In addition, 11(5.5%) samples were infected with the 4 TBPs (Rickettsia spp.+ C. burnetii + T. equi + B. caballi) among these co-infection. The current findings are expected to provide a basis for better TBPs (B. caballi, T. equi, C. burnetii and Rickettsia spp.) control in the region. These results also suggest that the persons associated with horses in the region should pay attention for preventing zoonotic tick-borne pathogen (B. caballi, T. equi, C. burnetii and Rickettsia spp.) from horses.

 In chapter 3, TBPs were identified in sheep in XUAR. Nested PCR assays and gene sequencing were used to detect Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. in sheep from the bordering area in XUAR. Out of 323 samples tested in this study, 206 (63.8%), 60 (18.6%), 54 (16.7%), 51 (15.8%), 32 (9.9%),19 (5.9%),16 (5.0%) were positive for A. ovis, B. wotoMike, A. bovis, T. uilenbergi, A. phagocytophilum, T. luwenshuni and B. motasi-like.Q Xinjiang, respectively. Mixed infections involving 2-3 pathogens were observed in the present study. The most common dual infections were A. ovis + B. motasi-like. while the most frequent triple infections were A. ovis + B. motasi-like + T. uilenbergi with co-infection rates of 17.0% (55/323) and 5.0% (16/323), respectively. Meanwhile, only 1 sheep was dually infected with A. phagocytophilum + T. luwenshuni. These findings provide important data for understanding the distribution of Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma in sheep from the bordering area in XUAR.

 Overall, molecular detection of TBPs in livestock (cattle, horses, sheep) were investigated were analyzed. These results provide important data for understanding the distribution of TBPs, and is expected to improve the approach for control of tick-borne diseases in XUAR, China.

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