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24

Table 1. Characteristics of the respondents

n = 73

(%)

Individuals with Down syndrome

Gender

Male

32

(43.8)

Female

41

(56.2)

<6

28

(38.4)

7-12

22

(30.1)

13-18

(8.2)

>18

17

(23.3)

41

(56.2)

Heart defects

22

(30.1)

Thyroid diseases

23

(31.5)

Epilepsy

(1.4)

Other diseases

12

(16.4)

Mild to moderate

43

(58.9)

Severe

23

(31.5)

Unknown

(9.6)

Mother

65

(89.0)

Other

(11.0)

<40

20

(27.4)

40-49

31

(42.5)

>50

22

(30.1)

Not employed

32

(43.8)

Partly

21

(28.8)

Employed

20

(27.4)

Age

Attending school (age≤18)

Yes

Major comorbidities

Intellectual disability

Caregiver variables

Relationship

Age

Employment status

25

Table 2. Frequency of infection countermeasure implementation in children

Did not

Performed it

perform at

sometimes

all

or partially

Hand washing, Alcohol-based hand disinfection

Wash with soup

Wash finger tips and between fingers

Take time (about 30 secs) to wash

Wipe hands with a clean handkerchief or towel after

hand washing

(%)

(%)

(%)

15

(9.6)

(11)

(20.5)

(8.2)

10

30

37

13

(13.7)

(41.1)

(50.7)

(17.8)

56

35

21

54

(76.7)

(47.9)

(28.8)

(74)

(6.8) 16

(27.4) 23

(6.8) 25

(21.9) 52

(31.5) 30

(34.2) 43

(71.2)

(41.1)

(58.9)

(21.9) 15

(23.3) 23

(20.5) 42

(31.5) 33

(57.5)

(45.2)

19

30

(26.4) 19

(41.1) 25

(26.4) 34

(0.3) 18

(47.2)

(24.7)

21

34

24

(28.8)

(47.2)

(32.9)

(11)

(53.4)

(44.4)

(43.8)

(38.4)

(17.8)

(8.3)

(23.3)

(50.7)

32

(43.8) 34

(46.6) 7

(9.6)

(4.1)

(17.8) 57

(78.1)

Wash hands after returning home or before meal

Gargle when returning home

20

Use an alcohol sanitizer to enter or leave a room or a 5

facility

Wearing a mask

Wear a mask when going out

16

Wear a mask in the presence of others or when talking 17

to others

Wear a mask without pulling it around the chin

Remove the mask while holding the ear loops

Physical distance

Keep a distance from others

Avoid talking face-to-face

Do not yell

Ventilate by opening windows, etc.

Others

Do not touch one’s eyes, nose, or mouth with one’s

hands

Take one’s temperature every day

Performed it

usually or

habitually

39

32

32

28

13

13

17

37

26

Table 3. Understanding of infection-prevention behavior in individuals with Down syndrome\

Not understood at

Neither

Understood to some

all/Not understood

degree/Understood

much

well

(%)

(%)

(%)

12

(16)

11

(15)

50

(68)

Need for wearing a mask

19

(26)

11

(15)

43

(59)

Need for social distancing (physical

31

(42)

15

(21)

27

(37)

25

(34)

16

(22)

32

(44)

Need for hand washing and alcoholbased hand disinfection

distance)

Need for infection preventive measures

27

Table 4. Behavioral changes in children with Down syndrome during school closure period

Never/Rarely (about

Sometimes (once or twice a

twice a month)

week)/Often (three to four

times a week)

(%)

(%)

Lack of motivation to participate in activities

65

(89)

(11)

Irritability

64

(88)

(12)

Difficulty concentrating or attention problems

66

(90)

(10)

Sleep problems

70

(96)

(4)

Self-harm or violence among family members

73

(100)

(0)

28

Table 5. Associated factors with psychological distress and child-related stress of caregivers

Psychological distress

Child-related stress

AOR

AOR

(crude OR)

95% CI

P-value

(crude OR)

95% CI

P-value

0.53 (0.54)

0.09-3.00

0.470

0.38 (0.34)

0.04-3.55

0.393

Irritability

4.21 (4.16)

0.92-19.18

0.063

8.44 (7.11)

1.69-42.09

0.010

Difficulty concentrating

1.33 (1.33)

0.27-6.67

0.724

4.11 (4.15)

0.80-21.20

0.090

3.75 (3.65)

0.30-46.83

0.300

1.65 (1.34)

0.13-21.48

0.697

1.36 (1.36)

0.76-2.42

0.291

4.26 (4.06)

1.88-9.65

0.001

Behavioral issues in

children

Lack of motivation to

participate in activities

or attention problems

Sleep problems

Disinfection

Burden of disinfection

for the child

AOR was adjusted for intellectual disability

AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

29

...