1 Dunning K, LeMasters G, Levin L, Bhattacharya A, Alterman T, Lordo K. Falls in workers during pregnancy: risk factors, job hazards, and high risk occupations. Am J Ind Med. 2003;44(6):664–672. doi:10.1002/ ajim.10318.
2 O’Loughlin JL, Robitaille Y, Boivin JF, Suissa S. Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137(3):342–354. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals. aje.a116681.
3 Weiss HB. Pregnancy-associated injury hospitalizations in Pennsylvania, 1995. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34(5):626–636. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70165-4.
4 Connolly AM, Katz VL, Bash KL, McMahon MJ, Hansen WF. Trauma and pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 1997;14(6):331–336. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994155.
5 Danna-Dos-Santos A, Magalhães AT, Silva BA, et al. Upright balance control strategies during pregnancy. Gait Posture. 2018;66:7–12. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.004.
6 Nagai M, Isida M, Saitoh J, Hirata Y, Natori H, Wada M. Characteristics of the control of standing posture during pregnancy. Neurosci Lett. 2009;462(2):130–134. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.091.
7 Jang J, Hsiao KT, Hsiao-Wecksler ET. Balance (perceived and actual) and preferred stance width during pregnancy. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2008;23(4):468–476. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.11.011.
8 Cakmak B, Ribeiro AP, Inanir A. Postural balance and the risk of falling during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(10):1623–1625. doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1057490.
9 Takeda K, Shimizu K, Imura M. Changes in balance strategy in the third trimester. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(6):1813–1817. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.1813.
10 Inanir A, Cakmak B, Hisim Y, Demirturk F. Evaluation of postural equilibrium and fall risk during pregnancy. Gait Posture. 2014;39(4):1122–1125. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.01.013.
11 Błaszczyk JW, Opala-Berdzik A, Plewa M. Adaptive changes in spatiotemporal gait characteristics in women during pregnancy. Gait Posture. 2016;43:160–164. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.09.016.
12 Branco M, Santos-Rocha R, Aguiar L, Vieira F, Veloso A. Kinematic analysis of gait in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. J Pregnancy. 2013;2013:718095. doi:10.1155/2013/718095.
13 Forczek W, Staszkiewicz R. Changes of kinematic gait parameters due to pregnancy. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2012;14(4):113–119.
14 Gill SV, Ogamba M, Lewis CL. Effects of additional anterior body mass on gait. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:109. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0893-0.
15 Wu W, Meijer OG, Lamoth CJ, et al. Gait coordination in pregnancy: transverse pelvic and thoracic rotations and their relative phase. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19(5):480–488. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.02.003.
16 Marshall MR, Montoye AHK, George AJ. Pregnancy walking cadence does not vary by trimester. Gait Posture. 2018;65:81–85. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.06.175.
17 Atay E, Bas¸alan IF. Investigation of the effect of changes in muscle strength in gestational age upon fear of falling and quality of life. Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45(4):977–983. doi:10.3906/sag-1404-9.
18 Nakabayashi M. Guideline of nutritional management for pregnancy toxemia [in Japanese]. Acta Obst Gynaec Jpn. 1999;51:N507–N510.
19 Duncan PW, Studenski S, Chandler J, Prescott B. Functional reach: predictive validity in a sample of elderly male veterans. J Gerontol. 1992;47(3):M93–M98. doi:10.1093/geronj/47.3.m93.
20 Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142–148. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.
21 Tinetti ME, Richman D, Powell L. Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. J Gerontol. 1990;45(6):P239–P243. doi:10.1093/geronj/45.6.p239.
22 Hill KD, Schwarz JA, Kalogeropoulos AJ, Gibson SJ. Fear of falling revisited. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(10):1025–1029. doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90063-5.
23 Rosic G, Milston AM, Richards J, Dey P. Fear of falling in obese women under 50 years of age: a crosssectional study with exploration of the relationship with physical activity. BMC Obes. 2019;6:7. doi:10.1186/ s40608-019-0230-z.
24 Kondo S, Miyamae T, Ishibashi Y, Tsutsumi F. Fear of falling among elderly persons [in Japanese]. Sogo rehabilitation. 1999;27(8):775–780.
25 Cohen J. The effect size. In: Cohen J, ed. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988:77–83.
26 Aoyama H, Yamada Y, Shinya M, Kusumoto H, Oda S. Comparison of the gait of women with a load on their belly and that of pregnant women [in Japanese]. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med. 2010;59(4):375–388.