Inside and Out of the Squatter Settlement: Toward Rationale for Redevelopment

概要

Urban inequalities have been historically characterized as a fragmented metropolis (Davis 2006). The geographical disparities lie within the existing gap between inner regions in the city. Consequently, with that spatial division, the segregation level in slum areas in the city becomes an obstacle to reaching its population's expected living standards. Furthermore, within this fragmentation scale, there are multiple inequalities, giving us the interpretation of a city as multiple spaces (Murdoch 2006), which is characterized by unequal infrastructure, services, and opportunities inside both areas. These settlements are products of inefficient housing policies and the proliferation of an alternative territory construction that contradicts the rest of the city's regulations.

This research is focused on studying two different dimensions of squatter settlements: outside and inside. The primary objective is to delve into these squatter settlements' influence on the formal house market and the subsequent influence after carrying out an urban redevelopment plan that integrates them into the formal house market. However, the effect of squatter settlements is non- uniform in the cities. The nuisance effect and the subsequent effect of urban redevelopment works demonstrate a different impact on the real estate market. To explain this spatial heterogeneity, we applied a type of local regression called geographical weighted regression to illustrate these characteristics, which allows the relationships between the independent and dependent variables to vary by locality. With this exploratory technique, we want to demonstrate that the squatter settlements' influence is not homogeneous but instead varies in space. Once obtained, we will explore the leading causes that promote this unequal influence and carry on a spatiotemporal analysis. This analysis explains the proliferation of spatial fragmentation and the role the squatter settlements play in this process. The second concern is analyzing the squatter settlement's intrinsic characteristics' focus on the informal house market's performance and the obstacles to reach urban redevelopment works in the squatter settlements.

The data collected by quantitative and qualitative surveys in the study area shows that, in squatter settlements, the territory is regulated by a hybrid regulatory structure. This finding contradicted some dominant urban design discourse, revealing public space activation required both formal spatial patterns and informal territorialization practices of users through everyday activity. Subsequently, the research identified a 'typology of territory' that defined squatter settlement residents' hypothetical responses to the government's urban redevelopment plans to improve the living conditions and regulate the urban space in these settlements.

Ultimately, both analyses' dimensions in this research provide an improved understanding of these settlements' socioeconomic and implications in the city's formal house market. These contributions have implications for both public policy and urban planning concerning squatters settlements.