1. Miao, Z., Deng, K., Wang, X. & Zhang, X. DEsingle for detecting three types of differential expression in single-cell RNA-seq data.
Bioinformatics 34, 3223–3224 (2018).
2. Nabavi, S., Schmolze, D., Maitituoheti, M., Malladi, S. & Beck, A. H. EMDomics: A robust and powerful method for the identification of genes differentially expressed between heterogeneous classes. Bioinformatics 32, 533–541 (2016).
3. Korthauer, K. D. et al. A statistical approach for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-seq experiments. Genome
Biol. 17, 1–15 (2016).
4. McCarthy, D. J., Chen, Y. & Smyth, G. K. Differential expression analysis of multifactor RNA-Seq experiments with respect to
biological variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 40, 4288–4297 (2012).
5. Qiu, X. et al. Single-cell mRNA quantification and differential analysis with Census. Nat. Methods 14, 309–315 (2017).
6. Finak, G. et al. MAST: A flexible statistical framework for assessing transcriptional changes and characterizing heterogeneity in
single-cell RNA sequencing data. Genome Biol. 16, 1–13 (2015).
7. Butler, A., Hoffman, P., Smibert, P., Papalexi, E. & Satija, R. Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions,
technologies, and species. Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 411–420 (2018).
8. Soneson, C. & Robinson, M. D. Bias, robustness and scalability in single-cell differential expression analysis. Nat. Methods 15,
255–261 (2018).
9. Wang, T., Li, B., Nelson, C. E. & Nabavi, S. Comparative analysis of differential gene expression analysis tools for single-cell RNA
sequencing data. BMC Bioinform. 20, 6 (2019).
10. Rao, A., Barkley, D., França, G. S. & Yanai, I. Exploring tissue architecture using spatial transcriptomics. Nature 596, 211–220
(2021).
11. Moran, P. A. P. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37, 17–23 (1950).
12. Dries, R. et al. Giotto: A toolbox for integrative analysis and visualization of spatial expression data. Genome Biol. 22, 1–31 (2021).
13. Edsgärd, D., Johnsson, P. & Sandberg, R. Identification of spatial expression trends in single-cell gene expression data. Nat. Methods
15, 339–342 (2018).
14. Svensson, V., Teichmann, S. A. & Stegle, O. SpatialDE: Identification of spatially variable genes. Nat. Methods 15, 343–346 (2018).
15. Sun, S., Zhu, J. & Zhou, X. Statistical analysis of spatial expression patterns for spatially resolved transcriptomic studies. Nat.
Methods 17, 193–200 (2020).
16. Zhu, J., Sun, S. & Zhou, X. SPARK-X: Non-parametric modeling enables scalable and robust detection of spatial expression patterns
for large spatial transcriptomic studies. Genome Biol. 22, 1–25 (2021).
17. Miller, B. F., Bambah-Mukku, D., Dulac, C., Zhuang, X. & Fan, J. Characterizing spatial gene expression heterogeneity in spatially
resolved single-cell transcriptomic data with nonuniform cellular densities. Genome Res. 31, 1843–1855 (2021).
18. Lähnemann, D. et al. Eleven grand challenges in single-cell data science. Genome Biol. 21, 1–35 (2020).
19. Vandenbon, A. & Diez, D. A clustering-independent method for finding differentially expressed genes in single-cell transcriptome
data. Nat. Commun. 11, 1–10 (2020).
20. Stickels, R. R. et al. Highly sensitive spatial transcriptomics at near-cellular resolution with Slide-seqV2. Nat. Biotechnol. 39,
313–319 (2021).
21. Vickovic, S. et al. High-definition spatial transcriptomics for in situ tissue profiling. Nat. Methods 16, 987–990 (2019).
22. Xia, C., Fan, J., Emanuel, G., Hao, J. & Zhuang, X. Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals subcellular RNA compartmentalization and cell cycle-dependent gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 19490–19499 (2019).
23. Vandenbon, A. Evaluation of critical data processing steps for reliable prediction of gene co-expression from large collections of
RNA-seq data. PLoS ONE 17, 1–18 (2022).
24. Stoeckius, M. et al. Simultaneous epitope and transcriptome measurement in single cells. Nat. Methods 14, 865–868 (2017).
25. Korsunsky, I. et al. Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony. Nat. Methods 16, 1289–1296 (2019).
26. Hie, B., Bryson, B. & Berger, B. Efficient integration of heterogeneous single-cell transcriptomes using Scanorama. Nat. Biotechnol.
37, 685–691 (2019).
27. Gayoso, A. et al. A Python library for probabilistic analysis of single-cell omics data. Nat. Biotechnol. 40, 163–166 (2022).
28. Schaum, N. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics of 20 mouse organs creates a Tabula Muris. Nature 562, 367–372 (2018).
29. Han, X. et al. Mapping the Mouse Cell Atlas by Microwell-Seq. Cell 172, 1091–1097 (2018).
30. Cao, J. et al. A human cell atlas of fetal gene expression. Science 370, 6518 (2020).
31. Li, H., Calder, C. A. & Cressie, N. Beyond Moran’s I: Testing for spatial dependence based on the spatial autoregressive model.
Geogr. Anal. 39, 357–375 (2007).
32. Stuart, T. et al. Comprehensive integration of single-cell data. Cell 177, 1888–1902 (2019).
33. Hao, Y. et al. Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data. Cell 184, 3573–3587 (2021).
34. Cao, J. et al. The single-cell transcriptional landscape of mammalian organogenesis. Nature 566, 496–502 (2019).
35. Dolgalev, I. msigdbr: MSigDB Gene Sets for Multiple Organisms in a Tidy Data Format (2022).
36. Joseph, V. R. Space-filling designs for computer experiments: A review. Qual. Eng. 28, 28–35 (2016).
37. Stuart, T., Srivastava, A., Madad, S., Lareau, C. A. & Satija, R. Single-cell chromatin state analysis with Signac. Nat. Methods 18,
1333–1341 (2021).
38. SeuratData GitHub repository. https://github.com/satijalab/seurat-data.
39. Bullard, J. H., Purdom, E., Hansen, K. D. & Dudoit, S. Evaluation of statistical methods for normalization and differential expression in mRNA-Seq experiments. BMC Bioinform. 11, 94 (2010).
Scientific Reports |
(2023) 13:11830 |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38965-2
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
www.nature.com/scientificreports/
40. Johnson, W. E., Li, C. & Rabinovic, A. Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods.
Biostatistics 8, 118–127 (2007).
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Y. Harada for secretarial assistance.
Author contributions
A.V. conceived of the project and methodology. A.V. and D.D. implemented the methods, ran the analyses and
wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to critical revision of the manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20K06609 (A.V.) and JP20K07538 (D.D.), and
by an Office of Directors’ Research Grant provided by the Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (Kyoto University). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation
of the manuscript.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-023-38965-2.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.V.
Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints.
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
institutional affiliations.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or
format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the
Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this
article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not
permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
© The Author(s) 2023
Scientific Reports |
Vol:.(1234567890)
(2023) 13:11830 |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38965-2
14
...