Highest concentration of breast-milk-derived exosomes in colostrum.

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Figure legend

Figure 1. Flow chart of this study

Figure 2. Chronological change in the concentration of breast milk-derived exosomes

(n=17). Horizontal lines represent the median values. Compared to the colostrum,

significant differences were noted at 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 weeks after delivery (* p<0.05).

Table 1. Characteristics

Maternal information

n=17

Maternal age at birth (years)

33 (29.0-35.0)

Primipara

8 (47)

Gestational age at birth (weeks)

33.8 (33.1-35.1)

Mode of delivery; Caesarian section

12 (71)

Multiple birth; twin

3 (18)

Data are presented as the median (interquartile range) or n (%)

Table 2. Impact of perinatal factors on exosome concentrations in colostrum

Concentration

Difference †

Perinatal factor

(×10 particle/ml)

Parity

N.S.

Primi (n=8)

1.39 (1.17-1.91)

Multi (n=9)

1.64 (0.94-2.69)

Mode of delivery

N.S.

Vaginal (n=5)

1.04 (0.94-1.64)

Caesarian (n=12)

1.67 (1.17-2.70)

Maternal age (years)

N.S.

<35 (n=10)

1.59 (1.24-2.43)

≥35 (n=7)

1.04 (0.83-2.24)

Gestational age (weeks)

N.S.

<35 (n=11)

1.66 (1.09-2.69)

≥35 (n=6)

1.14 (0.97-1.47)

HDP

N.S.

+ (n=2)

0.98 (0.85-1.11)

- (n=15)

1.63 (0.99-2.69)

CAM

N.S.

+ (n=7)

1.24 (0.94-2.69)

- (n=10)

1.59 (1.09-1.76)

GDM

N.S.

+ (n=3)

0.94 (0.56-1.30)

- (n=14)

1.59 (1.09-2.69)

median (interquartile range), † Mann-Whitney U test, HDP, hypertensive disorders of

pregnancy; CAM, chorioamnionitis; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.

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