Public attitudes in Japan toward the reproductive use of gametes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

1.

Hayashi K, Ohta H, Kurimoto K et al. Reconstitution of the mouse germ cell specification pathway in culture by pluripotent stem cells.

Cell 146(6), 519–532 (2011).

••

This was a milestone paper reporting a successful creation of sperm from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced

pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and birth of a mouse derived from the sperm.

2.

Hayashi K, Ogushi S, Kurimoto K et al. Offspring from oocytes derived from in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells in mice. Science

338(6109), 971–975 (2012).

••

This was a milestone paper reporting the successful creation of ova from mouse ESCs and iPSCs, and the birth of a mouse

derived from the ova.

3.

Yamashiro C, Sasaki K, Yabuta Y et al. Generation of human oogonia from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Science 362(6412),

356–360 (2018).

4.

Smadjor A, Cutas D. Artificial gametes. Nuffield Council on Bioethics: Background Paper (2015).

https://www.nuff ieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Background-paper-2016-Artif icial-gametes.pdf

••

This review elucidated ethical, legal and social challenges concerning the creation and use of in vitro derived (IVD)-gametes.

5.

Testa G, Harris J. Ethical aspects of ES cell-derived gametes. Science 305(5691), 1719 (2004).

This was the first paper to address ethical issues regarding the creation and use of IVD-gametes.

6.

Bourne H, Douglas T, Savulescu J. Procreative beneficence and in vitro gametogenesis. Monash Bioeth. Rev. 30(2), 29–48 (2012).

7.

Sparrow R. In vitro eugenics. J. Med. Ethics 40(11), 725–731 (2014).

8.

Ishii T, Saitou M. Promoting In Vitro gametogenesis research with a social understanding. Trends Mol. Med. 23(11), 985–988 (2017).

9.

Bredenoord AL, Hyun I. Ethics of stem cell-derived gametes made in a dish: fertility for everyone? EMBO Mol. Med. 9(4), 396–398

(2017).

10. Cohen IG, Daley GQ, Adashi EY. Disruptive reproductive technologies. Sci. Transl. Med. 9(372), 1–3 (2017).

11. Sue VM, Ritter LA. Conducting the Surveys. In: Conducting Online Surveys. Sue VM, Ritter LA (Eds). SAGE Publications, Inc., CA,

USA, 88–98 (2007).

12. The Bureau of Statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The Japan Population Estimates 2015. (2015).

https://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/2014np/index.html

13. Sue VM, Ritter LA. Sampling. In: Conducting Online Surveys. Sue VM, Ritter LA (Eds). SAGE Publications, Inc., CA, USA, 25–37

(2007).

14. Sawai T, Hatta T, Akatsuka K, Fujita M. Public attitudes in Japan toward the creation and use of gametes derived from human-induced

pluripotent stem cells. Future Sci. OA (2021) (Epub ahead of print).

15. Smajdor A, Cutas D. Will artificial gametes end infertility?. Health Care Anal. 23(2), 134–147 (2015b).

16. Landis J, Koch G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1), 159–174 (1977).

17. Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). Infertility (2018).

http://www.jsog.or.jp/modules/diseases/index.php?content id=15

18. Hendriks S, Dancet EAF, Vliegenthart R, Repping S. The acceptability of stem cell-based fertility treatments for different indications.

Mol. Hum. Reprod. 23(12), 855–863 (2017).

This paper reports the results of a survey in which obstetricians and members of the general public in The Netherlands were

asked to what extent they would accept the use of IVD-gametes by infertile young heterosexual couples, infertile single women,

same-sex couples, or post-menopausal couples for the purpose of reproduction and compared the responses.

19. The Constitution of Japan (Article 24). https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution and government of japan/constitution e.html

20. Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). Views on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. (2014).

http://www.jsog.or.jp/modules/statement/index.php?content id=20

21. Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). Views on artificial insemination using donated sperm. (2015).

http://www.jsog.or.jp/modules/statement/index.php?content id=24

22. Yamamoto N, Hirata T, Izumi G et al. A survey of public attitudes towards third-party reproduction in Japan in 2014. PLoS ONE

13(10), e0198499 (2018).

23. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. Marriage process and fertility of married couples attitudes toward marriage

and family among Japanese singles: highlights of survey results on married couples/singles. (2017).

http://www.ipss.go.jp/ps-doukou/e/doukou15/Nf s15R points eng.pdf

24. Calhaz-Jorge C, De Geyter Ch, Kupka MS et al. Survey on ART and IUI: legislation, regulation, funding and registries in European

countries: The European IVF-monitoring Consortium (EIM) for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

(ESHRE). Hum. Reprod. Open. 2020(1), (2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoz044

10.2144/fsoa-2021-0065

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Research Article

Attitudes in Japan toward the reproductive use of gametes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells

25. Bolt S, Postema D, van der Heij A, Maas B M AJ. Anonymous Dutch sperm donors releasing their identity. Hum. Fertil. 17, 1–7 (2019).

26. Janssens PMW, Simons AHM, van Kooij RJ et al. A new Dutch Law regulating provision of identifying information of donors to

offspring: background, content and impact. Hum. Reprod. 21(4), 852–856 (2005).

27. Visser M, Mochtar MH, de Melker AA et al. Psychosocial counselling of identifiable sperm donors. Hum. Reprod. 31(5), 1066–1074

(2016).

28. Eurostat. Share of live births outside marriage. (2018).

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00018&plugin=1

29. OECD. Share of births outside of marriage. http://www.oecd.org/els/f amily/SF 2 4 Share births outside marriage.pdf

30. Notoni L, Gyngell C, Savulescu J. Drawing the line on in vitro gametogenesis. Bioethics 34(1), 123–134 (2019).

31. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Results of FY2019 Communication Usage Trend Survey.

https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/statistics/data/200529 1.pdf

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