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LIST OF FIGURE CAPTIONS

16

FIGURE 1. Characteristics of the oscillating device. (a) The oscillating device was made of

silicon with two axes that have a diameter of ~40 mm. (b) Water flows downwards

underneath the oscillating device and rises upwards at the sides of chamber when the axes

rotate in the counterclockwise direction

FIGURE 2. Changes in cell density after SSO treatment. (a) Cell density measured by optical

density at 405 nm. (b) Cell density measured by flow cytometry. White circles: control (no

device); gray circles: stirring group; black circles: oscillating group.

FIGURE. 3. Changes in intra- and extracellular microcystin concentrations following SSO

treatment. Bars: intracellular microcystin-LR concentration; circles: extracellular

microcystin-LR concentration. White circles and bars: control (no device); gray circles and

bars: stirring group; black circles and bars: oscillating group. Extracellular MC-LR

concentrations were below the detection limit in all experimental groups.

FIGURE 4. Changes in cell size following SSO treatment. White circles: control (no device);

gray circles: stirring group; black circles: oscillating group.

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of Microcystis cells following

SSO treatment. (a) Control (normal and healthy cells); (b) SSO treated cells.

FIGURE 6. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of Microcystis cells

following SSO treatment. (a) Control cell (normal and healthy cell); (b) SSO treated cell.

Gray arrow: Thylakoids; black arrow: normal gas vesicles; white arrow: damaged gas

17

vesicles.

FIGURE 7. Changes in cell density following SSO treatment in repetitive experimental

results. White circles: control (no device); gray circles: stirring group; black circles:

oscillating group.

18

Fig. 1

0.8

(a)

OD405nm

Control

Stirring

Oscillating

0.6

0.4

0.2

-1

Cell density (cells mL )

Control

Stirring

Oscillating

3x106

Time (day)

10

(b)

2x106

1x106

Time (day)

Fig. 2

10

-1

Control

Stirring

Oscillating

Control

Stirring

Oscillating

100

80

20

15

60

10

40

20

Extracellular MC-LR (g L )

-1

Intracellular MC-LR (g L )

120

Time (day)

Fig. 3

10

Cell size (m)

Control

Stirring

Oscillating

Time (day)

Fig. 4

10

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Integrated cell biomass (%)

Control

Oscillating

Stirring

400

300

200

100

Time (day)

Fig. 7

10

TABLE 1. Variations of cellular chl.a content following SSO treatment.

(Unit: pg cell-1)

Time

3rd

5th

9th

(before)

Control

0.23

0.27

0.32

0.42

Oscillating group

0.22

0.24

0.22

0.19

TABLE 2. Variations of cellular microcystin content following SSO treatment.

(Unit: fg cell–1)

Time (day)

4th

6th

10th

(before)

Control

40

39

42

41

Oscillating group

37

25

25

23

Table 1 and 2

...