1. Singh, R.; Letai, A.; Sarosiek, K. Regulation of apoptosis in health and disease: The balancing act of BCL-2 family proteins. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019, 20, 175–193. [CrossRef]
2. Gillies, L.A.; Kuwana, T. Apoptosis regulation at the mitochondrial outer membrane. J. Cell Biochem. 2014, 115, 632–640. [CrossRef]
3. Li, X.; Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Huang, C.; Huang, Y.; Li, J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is the crossroads of autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis signaling pathways and participates in liver fibrosis. Inflamm. Res. 2015, 64, 1–7. [CrossRef]
4. Evan, G.I.; Vousden, K.H. Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer. Nature 2001, 411, 342–348. [CrossRef]
5. Strasser, A.; Whittingham, S.; Vaux, D.L.; Bath, M.L.; Adams, J.M.; Cory, S.; Harris, A.W. Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 8661–8665. [CrossRef]
6. Sly, L.M.; Hingley-Wilson, S.M.; Reiner, N.E.; McMaster, W.R. Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in host macrophages involves resistance to apoptosis dependent upon induction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1. J. Immunol. 2003, 170, 430–437. [CrossRef]
7. Rohn, T.T. The role of caspases in Alzheimer’s disease; potential novel therapeutic opportunities. Apoptosis 2010, 15, 1403–1409. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Reyes, N.A.; Fisher, J.K.; Austgen, K.; VandenBerg, S.; Huang, E.J.; Oakes, S.A. Blocking the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway preserves motor neuron viability and function in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Clin. Investig. 2010, 120, 3673–3679. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Blesa, J.; Przedborski, S. Parkinson’s disease: Animal models and dopaminergic cell vulnerability. Front. Neuroanat. 2014, 8, 155. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Tesch, G.H.; Ma, F.Y.; Nikolic-Paterson, D.J. Targeting apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in acute and chronic kidney disease. Anat. Rec. 2020, 303, 2553–2560. [CrossRef]
11. Thannickal, V.J.; Horowitz, J.C. Evolving concepts of apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006, 3, 350–356. [CrossRef]
12. Adamiec-Mroczek, J.; Zajac-Pytrus, H.; Misiuk-Hojlo, M. Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells during the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015, 24, 531–535. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Rebane, A.; Zimmermann, M.; Aab, A.; Baurecht, H.; Koreck, A.; Karelson, M.; Abram, K.; Metsalu, T.; Pihlap, M.; Meyer, N.; et al. Mechanisms of IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis of human skin keratinocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2012, 129, 1297–1306. [CrossRef]
14. Teringova, E.; Tousek, P. Apoptosis in ischemic heart disease. J. Transl. Med. 2017, 15, 87. [CrossRef]
15. Hayakawa, K.; Esposito, E.; Wang, X.; Terasaki, Y.; Liu, Y.; Xing, C.; Ji, X.; Lo, E.H. Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke. Nature 2016, 535, 551–555. [CrossRef]
16. Linton, M.F.; Babaev, V.R.; Huang, J.; Linton, E.F.; Tao, H.; Yancey, P.G. Macrophage Apoptosis and Efferocytosis in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Circ. J. 2016, 80, 2259–2268. [CrossRef]
17. Ebersole, J.L.; Kirakodu, S.S.; Gonzalez, O.A. Oral microbiome interactions with gingival gene expression patterns for apoptosis, autophagy and hypoxia pathways in progressing periodontitis. Immunology 2021, 162, 405–417. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. Ebersole, J.L.; Kirakodu, S.S.; Neumann, E.; Orraca, L.; Gonzalez Martinez, J.; Gonzalez, O.A. Oral Microbiome and Gingival Tissue Apoptosis and Autophagy Transcriptomics. Front. Immunol. 2020, 11, 585414. [CrossRef]
19. Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Yang, P.; Liu, X.; Lu, L.; Chen, Y.; Zhong, X.; Li, Z.; Liu, H.; Ou, C.; et al. Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Vascular Calcification Through Activation of NLRP3 (Nucleotide-Binding Domain, Leucine-Rich-Containing Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing-3) Inflammasome and NF-kappaB (Nuclear Factor kappaB) Signals. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2020, 40, 751–765. [CrossRef]
20. Ohtani, N.; Kawada, N. Role of the gut-liver axis in liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer: A special focus on the gut microbiota relationship. Hepatol. Commun. 2019, 3, 456–470. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. D’Alessandro-Gabazza, C.N.; Kobayashi, T.; Yasuma, T.; Toda, M.; Kim, H.; Fujimoto, H.; Hataji, O.; Takeshita, A.; Nishihama, K.; Okano, T.; et al. A Staphylococcus pro-apoptotic peptide induces acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1539. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. Otto, M. Staphylococci in the human microbiome: The role of host and interbacterial interactions. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2020, 53, 71–77. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. Cao, S.S. Cellular Stress Responses and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract. 2018, 2018, 7192646. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Tang, P.C.; Chan, A.S.; Zhang, C.B.; Garcia Cordoba, C.A.; Zhang, Y.Y.; To, K.F.; Leung, K.T.; Lan, H.Y.; Tang, P.M. TGF-beta1 Signaling: Immune Dynamics of Chronic Kidney Diseases. Front. Med. 2021, 8, 628519.