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Supplement
— Template waveforms of three-component pre-P gravity signal and gravity potential
for
➢ strike slip events (strike = 0°, dip = 90°, rake = 0°, depth = 20 km, Mw = 9 or
8) and
➢ dip slip events (strike = 180°, dip = 15° or 30°, rake = 90°, depth = 20 km, Mw
= 9 or 8)
calculated by the simulation method of Zhang et al. (2020). The moment rate
function and rupture duration were determined in the same way as in Chapter 4.
Observation stations locate at 𝜃 = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°,
150°, 165°, or 180° and Δ = 1°, 3°, 10°, or 30°. Here, 𝜃 is the azimuth measured
from east to north, and Δ is the angular distance. The 0.15-Hz 6-pole low-pass
causal Butterworth filter was applied to the waveforms.
— Results of the preliminary analysis to search for pre-P elastic strain in the data
recorded by the 100-m-long laser strainmeter at Kamioka (Araya et al. 2007).
➢ Background noise spectra of the linear (𝑢𝑥,𝑥 ) and shear ((𝑢𝑦,𝑦 − 𝑢𝑥,𝑥 )/2 )
strains at the Kamioka strainmeter. The time window is 1 h between 04:40 and
05:40 UTC before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki event. Here, 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes are taken
eastward and northward, respectively.
➢ Comparison of the recorded strains and synthetic ones calculated by the
simulation method of Zhang et al. (2020) before the P-wave arrival from the
104
2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The 0.01-Hz 2-pole high-pass and 0.05-Hz 6pole low-pass causal Butterworth filters were applied to both waveforms.
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