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Beneficial screening of Fabry disease in patients with hypohidrosis

Nagai-Sangawa, Megumi Fukunaga, Atsushi Takeuchi, Chihiro Nishiyama, Satoshi Horikawa, Tatsuya Nagano, China Nozu, Kandai Fujii, Hideki Nishigori, Chikako 神戸大学

2022.02

概要

Fabry disease (FD), which is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of α-galactosidase A, leads to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in various tissues and multiorgan impairment. Early diagnosis is important to improve long-term prognosis. Early clinical manifestations of FD include neuropathic pain, vascular skin lesions, and sweating abnormalities. Hypohidorosis is one of the clinical findings in the early stage of FD. However, there have been no studies on prospective screening of FD in patients with definitive diagnosis of hypohidrosis. We examined α-galactosidase A activity in white blood cells in 17 (one female and 16 male) patients with generalized hypohidorosis. Among 17 patients, one male patient (approximately 5.8%) had significantly reduced α-galactosidase A activity. He presented with a history of hypohidrosis with heat intolerance and neuropathic tingling pain in a warm environment from 6 years ago. He had a few angiokeratoma on the trunk and extremities. Ultrastructural examination of skin biopsy from the angiokeratoma revealed lamellar inclusions in endothelial cells. Kidney biopsy revealed swollen podocytes and Gb3 deposition in the glomerulus, and urinalysis revealed mulberry bodies. He was finally diagnosed with FD and started on enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alpha in the early stage. In addition, his family screening led to find the patients of four additional FD. Screening for FD in patients with hypohidrosis may lead to efficient early detection of FD.

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Figure legends

188

Figure 1 (a, b): Angiokeratoma of the left thigh. (a) Clinical image shows multiple,

189

raised, red-to-purple, hyperkeratotic papules on the thigh. (b) Electron microscopy

190

shows lamellar inclusions in endothelial cells on ultrastructural examination. (c):

191

Urinalysis revealed mulberry bodies.

192

Figure 2: Family pedigree: the index patient is marked with the arrowhead.

193

194

Table 1. α-galactosidase A activity in white blood cells of 17 patients diagnosed with

195

generalized hypohidrosis

Patient

Age

Sex

Medical history

No.

α-galactosidase A activity

Diagnosis

in white blood cells

(normal range: 49.6–

116 nmol/h/mg)

46

Chronic kidney disease,

50.2

AIGA

Hypertension, Atrial fibrillation

41

Atopic dermatitis-

103.3

AIGA

31

Systemic lupus erythematosus,

89.1

AIGA

Lupus nephritis

23

80.9

AIGA

29

72.7

Hypothalamicpitutary tumor

196

50

62.5

AIGA

43

Central diabetes insipidus

83.2

AIGA

50

80.4

AIGA

25

52.5

AIGA

10

18

Asthma

69.1

AIGA

11

30

Gender dysphoria

66.3

AIGA

12

26

30.6

AIGA

13

39

51.2

AIGA-

14

17

79.6

AIGA

15

43

70.2

AIGA

16

38

72.7

AIGA

17

20

Atopic dermatitis, Asthma

0.1

FD

AIGA: Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis, FD: Fabry disease

Figure 1

Female

carrier

Figure 2

Female

Male

Confirmed

Fabry disease

-Hypohidrosis

-Left ventricular hypertrophy

27years

25years

20years

-Hypohidrosis

-Angiokeratoma

-Neuropathic pain

-Corneal opacity

18years

-Hypohidrosis

-Angiokeratoma

-Neuropathic pain

-Corneal opacity

-Urine protein(+)

16years

-Hypohidrosis

-Angiokeratoma

-Neuropathic pain

-Corneal opacity

-Basilar artery aneurysm

...

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