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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grants (JP20K22629 to M. Shimizu; JP19K16088 to K.

M.; JP17K07361, JP19KK0071, and JP20K06579 to R. I.; JP17K07816 to N. S.; JP18H05229, JP18H05534, and

JP18H03681 to M. Sugiyama). and the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society

assigned to A. O. The study was also partially supported by a project for the construction of the basis for advanced

materials science and analytical study by the innovative use of quantum beams and nuclear sciences at the

Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University (KURNS) and a Grant for research

promotion in KURNS to A. O., M. Shimizu, and K. M. SAXS measurements using the SAXS at KURNS were

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performed under proposal No. R2121 to N. S. We thank Prof. Shoji Takada at Kyoto University for providing

the computational resources.

Author contributions

A.O. and R.U. assembled and performed the sample preparation. A.O., K.M., R.I., and N.S. performed SAXS

measurements and analysed the SAXS profiles. A.O. and K.M. performed the AUC measurements and analysed the profiles. A.O. performed MALDI-TOF MS and LC-ESI-TOF MS and analysed the data. M. Shimizu

performed CG-MD simulations and analysed the simulation data. R.U. and M.S. designed the research, and all

authors wrote the paper.

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https​://doi.

org/10.1038/s4159​8-021-85219​-0.

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.U. or M.S.

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