Comparison of the formulas from the current form of traditional Japanese pediatrics and those described in Yoyokasoku (in‐house methods of pediatrics): A representative pediatric classic

1.

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2.

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Tokyo: Nisshin Shoin, 1941 (in Japanese).

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https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/

06/18/1325989_30.pdf.

7.

Society JPOM. Shoni Kampo chiryo no tebiki (Manual of pediatric Kampo

treatment), 1 edn. Tokyo: Nippon Shoni Iji Shuppansha, 2014 (in Japanese).

8.

Kawashima N, Sekiya Y, Narita A et al. Kampo patterns and radiology in

children receiving choreito for hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell

transplantation. Traditional & Kampo Medicine. 2016; 3: 136-144.

9.

Kawashima N, Ito Y, Sekiya Y et al. Choreito formula for BK virus-associated

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Japan: Text, Society, and Readers. Asian medicine (Leiden, Netherlands). 2013; 8: 361393.

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Kawashima N. Origin of Kambakutaisoto for Night Crying (Yatei) and Flight

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Crying (Kyotei): Research on the Medical History. Journal of the Japan Pediatric

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Murase T. Yoyokasoku (In-house methods of pediatrics). Tokyo: Kyousha, 1885

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14.

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to the Two Submissions of 1883 and 1888. Journal of Japanese history of medicine. 2015;

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Committee BC. Senmon'i no tame no Kampo shoho no genten to jobun no tebiki

(Manual for board-certified specialists; searching original texts of the Kampo

prescription): Japan Society for Oriental Medicine, 2013 (in Japanese).

16.

Kawashima N. Pediatric moxibustion and surgical treatment described in

"Yoyokasoku (In-house Methods of Pediatrics)" written by a physician for internal

medicine. Journal of the Japan Pediatric Oriental Medicine Society. 2020; 31: 35-44 (in

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Matsuki A. A brief history of Jennerian vaccination in Japan. Medical history.

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15

Figure 1. Breakdown of methods extracted from Yoyokasoku (In-house Methods of

Pediatrics [IMP])

In all, 387 formulas (oral medications such as decoctions and powders) and 10

moxibustion/surgical treatments were extracted from the Methods section of IMP.

Fig. 1

Oral medications

"Reading" 17 pp.

Hayate

9%

Oral medications

"Books" 56 pp.

Variola, measles,

chickenpox

29%

Oral medications

"Sometimes" 38 pp.

Neonates, infants

13%

Moxibustion &

surgery

10

3%

Oral medications

387

97%

Oral medications

"Again" 28 pp.

Neurodevelopmental

diseases

20%

Oral medications

"My" 36 pp.

Infection,

miscellaneous

diseases

27%

17

Figure 2. The classification of formulas in Yoyokasoku (In ‐ house Methods of

Pediatrics [IMP]) and ‘Shoni Kampo Chiryo no Tebiki’ (Manual of Pediatric

Kampo Treatment [MPKT]).

Formulas were classified as classical formulas (red column), modern formulas (blue

column), and Japanese originals (gray column), respectively. Each column is equivalent

to one formula. (a) Classification of formulas from IMP according to the disease clusters.

(b) Classification of formulas from the MPKT according to the disease clusters.

Fig. 2a

Volume

Disease clusters

初生雑病

五軟・五硬

変蒸

臍風・嘬口

Sometimes

大小便不通

鎖肛

吐乳

腹痛

蟲積

驚風

癲癇

癖積

哺露, 丁奚

疳眼, 雀目, 胎毒眼

吃泥土

疳痢

Again

白濁淋

語遅, 吃語

行遅, 歯遅, 髪遅

解顱

亀背, 亀胸

遺尿

疝, 㿗疝, 盤腸氣

Reading

早手

感冒, 傷寒

中寒

中暑

咳嗽, 百晬嗽, 哮喘, 胎毒痰

胎毒, 諸瘡

My

丹毒

口舌

頭瘡

聤耳, 耳聾

疥癬

Books

Neonatal disease

Five stiffnesses/five flaccidities

Growth fever

Umbilical wind/neonatal tetanus

Constipation/dysuria

Proctatresia

Milk vomiting

Abdominal pain

Worm accumulation

Infantile convulsion

Epilepsy

Malnutrition

Hypochondriac accumulation

Infantile frequent vomiting, T-shaped malnutrition

Eye malnutrition, night blindness, fetal toxin eye

Pica

Malnutrition dysentery

Cloudy strangury

Strangury

Language delay, stuttering

Moving, dental, hair growth retardation

Ununited skull

Tortoise back, tortoise chest

Enuresis

Hernia, severe inguinal hernia, colon hernia

Hayate (fulminant enterocolitis)

Common cold, cold damage

Cold stroke

Summer heat stroke

Dysentery

Cough, neonatal cough, asthma

Fetal toxin, miscellaneous sore

Erysipelas

Oral and tongue disease

Head sore

Nasal disease

Impacted cerumen, deafness

Scabies

痘疹

Variola

麻疹

水痘

Measles

Chickenpox

Number of formulas

Japanese originals

Modern formula

Classical formula

20

Figure 3. Comparison of formulas from Japan's National Health Insurance (JNHI)‐

approved extracts, MPKT, and IMP.

Left column shows classification of formulas from the IMP, middle from the JNHI‐

approved, and right from the MPKT. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's

exact test.

Fig. 2b

Chapter

Disease clusters

Common cold, bronchitis

Influenza

Nasal obstruction, snoring, adenoiditis

Vomiting, diarrhea

Enterocolitis

Abdominal pain, constipation

Allergic disease

Bronchial asthma

Eczema, atopic dermatitis

Enuresis

10

Pediatric chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome

11

Edema, dehydration (heatstroke)

12

Orthostatic hypotension

13

Arrhythmia, cardiac disease

14

15

Night crying, tic, hypersensitivity, sleep disorder

Hyperventilation syndrome, seizure, epilepsy

16

Anorexia nervosa, eating disorder

17

School refusal, domestic violence, adjustment disorder

18

Autism spectrum disease, developmental disorder

19

Severe motor and intellectual disabilities

20

21

Frail children, frailty

Flabbiness,

obesity,

type II diabetes & dietary care

22

Hiesho (cold disorder)

23

Autoimmune disease

24

Pediatric hematology/oncology

25

26

Pediatric emergency medicine

27

Pediatric surgery

Adolescence

28

Number of formulas

Japanese originals

Modern formula

Classical formula

Fig. 3

p = 6.22×10-35

p = 4.02×10-10

p = 0.0385

1.00

Japanese

originals

0.75

Modern formula

0.50

0.25

0.00

Classical formula

IMP

JNHI

MPKT

22

SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Table S1 List of all formulas from IMP.

Table S2 List of all formulas from MPKT.

Table S3 Disease names in common between IMP and MPKT, and the list of their

formulas.

...