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Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Domatia Development in Myrmecophytes

SARATH, EMMA ELIZABETH 東京大学 DOI:10.15083/0002004539

2022.06.22

概要

Domatia are plant structures within which organisms reside. This investigation focused on two domatium-bearing species, Callicarpa saccata (C. saccata) and Tococa guianensis (T. guianensis) of the Lamiaceae and Melastomataceae, respectively. The domatia of these species are foliar. They are located in the proximal regions of leaf blades. C. saccata and T. guianensis are myrmecophytes, species which form mutualistic relationships with ants. Ants use domatia as nurseries (Nakashima et al., 2016) and, in return for providing shelter, the plant receives protection from competitors and herbivores. Despite being distantly related, the domatia of C. saccata and T. guianensis are similar; examples of the parallel evolution of foliar domatia. The domatia of both species were therefore proposed to develop through the same morphological and molecular mechanisms. In this study, the leaves of C. saccata were compared to those of a closely related, but domatia-less, relative Callicarpa subaequalis (C.subaequalis).

I observed that even when grown in the absence of the ants that would ordinarily colonise them, the domatia of C. saccata and T. guianensis develop normally. One of the aims of this study was to characterise domatium development from both a morphological and a molecular standpoint. Two hypotheses were considered. The first, that leaf margins curl downwards towards abaxial surfaces, creating hollow cavities. The second, that excess cell proliferation at the base of the leaf causes blades to warp and blade tissues to grow outwards over petioles. In this study, excess cell proliferation was discovered at the blade/petiole junctions of myrmecophyte leaves. Using sectioning and micro-CT scanning, the ‘warping’ hypothesis was shown to be correct. RNA sequencing identified KNOX1 expression in the leaf primordia of C. saccata as the cause of this cell proliferation.

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