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Economic Improvement of Queen Pineapple Farmers Through Production Innovations and Marketing Strategies

CAMPITA, Maria Christina Francisco 名古屋大学

2023.06.02

概要

報告番号



















Economic Improvement of Queen Pin eapple Farmers Through Production

論文題目

Innovations and Marketing Strategies
(栽培技術改良と販売戦略革新によるクイーンパイナップル農家の経営改善)





CAMPITA Maria Christina Francisco

論 文 内 容 の 要 旨
This dissertation examines ways to improve the economic condition of Queen
pineapple through production innovations and marketing strategies. Pineapple
cultivation provides sustainable livelihood to many smallholder farmers in
developing countries like the Philippines. The number of farmers engaged in the
Queen pineapple industry is small compared to other pineapple varieties thriving
in the country due to limiting factors such as insufficiency in capital, technical
know-how, post-harvest handling, and marketing skills coupled with a poor
network, infrastructure, and access to credit programs which result to overall low
productivity.
This dissertation aims to fill the gap by focusing on the production and
marketing segment of the pineapple value chain. T he first is to assess the
traditional production practices of the farmers, identify productivity levels in
terms of land labor and capital, and compare this to production innovations to
provide baseline information on added value and encourage adoption to increase
productivity. The second is to identify existing marketing practices and channels
and the profit share among the marketing players to determine which channel is
more productive for farmers and what factors affect channel selection.
This dissertation presented data from a survey conducted from January to
March 2022. It used a one-stage cluster random sampling method to select the
farmer respondents from a total population of 2,265 farmers in Camarines Norte.
The total number of samples was derived by ratio and proportion to the number of
farmers per municipality. Then farmers were randomly selected based on the
available list per cluster municipality. Buyer respondents (32) were purposively

selected due to their small populations.
Descriptive statistics were used to present relevant data in terms of
frequency, percentage, and average. Productivity was measured based on the cost
and revenue analysis of traditional and production innovations and the input and
output ratio in land labor and capital. Pro fitability was measured by calculating
the marketing costs, net profit, and margin per channel. The Chi -square statistics
were used to test the influence of socioeconomic variables on the farming systems
and marketing channels.
Results revealed that production innovation increased land, labor, and
capital productivity and could potentially bail farmers out of poverty. Tenurial
status and land size are key factors in adopting production innovations. While in
marketing, financial pressures hinder most pineap ple farmers from choosing the
most profitable channel. Quick cash was identified as the major factor in the
selection of marketing channels. A significant relationship relative to marketing
channels was traced to the interplay of the following key elements : gender, civil
status, location, and sources of income. Profitability analysis dictates that the
optimum channel for farmers is the direct channel, but it requires higher capital
for added marketing costs. Income analysis showed that most of the farmer
respondents were living below the poverty threshold.
This dissertation proposes five measures to enhance productivity in the
production and marketing of pineapple, such as the expansion of production areas
through multi or integrated cropping or adopting pr oduction innovations for single cropping; Adopt direct

marketing

channel

to

eliminate marketing layers;

Seek/maintaining off farm jobs to augment income and hire farm labor but invest
in direct marketing; Regularly seek government assistance/support/in ter ms of new
technologies, capacity training and seminar; Encourage the participation and
support of private investors for the pineapple industry’s value chain and Adopt
extension strategies such as: Establish demo/model farms to encourage farmers
adopt new innovations; Conduct Season long training to improve skills of farmers;
Provision of techno guide in local language; and Provide credit programs with low
interest/staggered release of loan based on farm activities.
Through

the

whole

process,

this

dissertation

makes

two

original

contributions to literature the cost and estimates of production innovations and its
productivity level and the profitability of marketing channels and factors affecting
selection.

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74

APPENDIX A.

Respondent

Number

Transnational Doctoral Programs for Leading Professionals

in Asian Countries

Nagoya University

Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences

Agricultural Marketing Analysis of Queen Pineapple in the Philippines towards effective

Value Chain Management

Survey Questionnaire For Farmer Producer

(Input and Production Chain)

INTRODUCTION

Greetings! My name is Maria Christina Campita, a transnational doctoral student of

Nagoya University. The data derived from this study shall be used as inputs in enhancing

agricultural marketing system and value chain management of Queen Pineapple in the

Philippines.

You have been randomly selected to participate in this survey. I would like to ask you

some questions about your farm production and marketing activities. I assure you that your

answers and opinions will be treated in the strictest confidence, and will be used only for the

purpose of this study.

Rest assured that data such as your name, email address and other information will

be kept confidential.

Would you agree to participate in this important survey? [ ] Yes (CONTINUE) [ ] No (END

INTERVIEW)

_____________________

Signature of the Respondent

_____________

Date

75

I.

Background Information (Please encircle what is applicable)

Name of farmer:

Age:______

Contact Number:

below 20

21-30 years old

31-40 years old

41-50 years old

51-60 years old

61 years old above

Civil Status

Gender:

1 Single

4 Live-in

2 Married

5 Annulled

Educational Attainment

0 No educational background.

1 Elementary level

2 High School level

Household Size_____

Female

Male

LGBT

3 Separated

3 Vocational

4 College Level

5. Masteral Level

Number of Working HH member_____

Male HH Member____

Female HH Member___

Barangay:

City/Municipality:

Type of Farmer:

Organization:

Individual

Member of associations or cooperative

Assisted by Cooperative

Assisted by LGU

Position:

Number of Years in Farming:________

II.

Province:

Number of years in pineapple growing:_______

Profile of The Farm

Farm Address

Total Land Area

Land Tenure Status:

Owned

Lease holder

Tenant

Renter

Others______________________

Cultivating area for Queen

Pineapple

Source of Information in pineapple

production and marketing

Fellow farmers

Training

Techno guide

Radio or TV

76

III.

Sources of Household Income

A. On-farm Income

Sources of Farm

Income

Area

Planted/Number

of heads

2019

(Normal year)

Total Value of

Production

Total expenses

Net Income

Main Crop

Intercrop

Livestock

Sources of Farm

Income

Area

Planted/Number

of heads

2020

(with pandemic and typhoons)

Total Value of

Production

Total expenses

Net Income

Main Crop

Intercrop

Livestock

B. Off Farm Income (include income from farm labor/work to another farmers

farm/rental of farm animal or farm equipment/others)

Type of Work

Monthly Income

2019

2020

77

IV.

Cost and Return (in reference to normal year prior to COVID-19)

COST AND RETURN OF QUEEN PINEAPPLE PRODUCTION PER HECTARE

Item

PRODUCTION COST

Land Preparation

Tractor Rental

Operator

Diesel

Labor

Family Labor

Planting (___ cents/sucker)

Weeding

Fertilizer Application

Chemical Application

Hired Labor

Planting

Weeding

Fertilizer Application

Chemical Application

Materials

Pineapple Suckers

Complete Fertilizer

Ammonium Phosphate (16-20-0)

Urea (46-0-0)

Muriate Potash (0-0-60)

17-0-17

Herbicide (Diuron/karmex)

Insecticide

Leadthrel

Total Cost

Sales

Net Income

PROCESSING COST

Labor

Material

Total Cost

Sales

Net Income

MARKETING COST

Labor

Material

Total Cost

Sales

Net Income

Quantity

Unit

Unit Cost

Cost

78

V.

Allocation of Products per harvest

Type

Self-Consumption

Given Free

Sold Fresh

Processed

Others

I.

Quantity

Price

Percent Share

Marketing Channels

Please indicate percentage if using more than 1 channel.

Percentage

Farmer - Consumer

Market channel

Farmer -Retailer

Farmer -Trader

Farmer -Agent

Farmer - Cooperative

Farmer assisted by LGU -Retailer

Farmer Assisted by Cooperative - Retailer

II.

Details of Marketing Practices (normal year vs new normal)

Mode of Marketing

III.

Price

(Php)

Distance of farm from

road (km)

Mode of Transport

Symber

Arasar

Direct marketing

Assisted by LGU

Assisted by Coop

Pick up

Delivered

Value Chain Participation

1 yes

2 no

1. Do you practice value adding activity?

2. Do you know of any group of farmers or fishers who

process and market their own produce?

3.

Do you or does your group have an existing contract for

production, marketing and/or technical services?

79

Reasons for choosing specific channels:

Respondents may select multiple reasons:

Fast cash

Higher return/income

Recommendation of trusted/any person

Efficiency

Stability

Security

Habit

Saving Time

Saving Labor

Others

IV.

Cost Per Chain (if involved in other chains)

Chain

Production (in reference to table 1)

-refers to cost incurred in production from planting to

harvesting which include labor and materials such as

suckers, fertilizer and herbicides.

Cost

Sales

Net Income

Processing

-refers to cost incurred in processing from fresh fruit

into by products which may include labor and

packaging materials, maintenance of equipment,

utility bills such as water and electricity and others.

Marketing

-refers to cost incurred in marketing of either fresh

fruit or by products. This include hauling fee from the

farm, rental fee for market outlet, and labor.

Grandtotal

END OF INTERVIEW - THANK YOU RESPONDENT

80

APPENDIX B.

Respondent

Number

Transnational Doctoral Programs for Leading Professionals

in Asian Countries

Nagoya University

Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences

Agricultural Marketing Analysis of Queen Pineapple in the Philippines towards effective

Value Chain Management

Survey Questionnaire for Buyer

(Distribution/Marketing Chain)

INTRODUCTION

Greetings! My name is Maria Christina Campita, a transnational doctoral student of

Nagoya University. The data derived from this study shall be used as inputs in enhancing

agricultural marketing system and value chain management of Queen Pineapple in the

Philippines.

You have been randomly selected to participate in this survey. I would like to ask you

some questions about your farm production and marketing activities. I assure you that your

answers and opinions will be treated in the strictest confidence, and will be used only for the

purpose of this study.

Rest assured that data such as your name, email address and other information will

be kept confidential.

Would you agree to participate in this important survey? [ ] Yes (CONTINUE) [ ] No (END

INTERVIEW)

_____________________

Signature of the Respondent

_____________

Date

81

VI.

Background Information (Please encircle what is applicable)

Name of buyer:

Age:______

10

11

12

Contact Number:

below 20

21-30 years old

31-40 years old

41-50 years old

51-60 years old

61 years old above

Civil Status

Gender:

1 Single

4 Live-in

2 Married

5 Annulled

Educational Attainment

3 No educational background.

4 Elementary level

5 High School level

Household Size_____

Female

Male

LGBT

3 Separated

3 Vocational

4 College Level

5 Masteral Level

Number of Working HH member_____

Male HH Member____

Female HH Member___

Barangay:

City/Municipality:

Province:

Type of Buyer

Agent

– procures on behalf of the by the trader

Assembler

- finances farmers and traders and has

agents responsible for procurement and

assembly

Processor

- Transforms fresh fruits into by-products

Cooperative

- registered farmer organization, procures

from members and non-members

Institutional Buyer-includes hotels, restaurants, military

camps and hospitals which buy in bulk

to be consumed by their clients

Retailer

- sells directly to consumers

82

VII.

Nature of business

A. Fil this up if respondent is a member of association or cooperative, if none

proceed to item B.

Name of Cooperative/

Company/organization (If any)

Office Address

Number of years in pineapple

marketing

Number of members

Members involve in pineapple

trading

Operating Capital for

pineapple trading

B. Business Coverage

Covered area (ha)

Number of Clients

Covered municipality/ies

Covered Barangay/s

Average number of fruits per

transaction

Marketing Outlets

(if any)

Destination of products

VIII.

Mode of Marketing

Mode of Marketing

10

Symber

Arasar

Direct marketing

Assisted by LGU

Assisted by Coop

Price

(Php)

Distance of farm from

road (km)

Mode of Transport

Pick up

Delivered

83

IX.

Details of Marketing Practices (normal year vs new normal)

Destination

X.

Buying

price

(Php)

Distance

from

outlet

Frequency

If delivered

Cost of

Mode of

transport/

transport

kilo

Other

Marketing

Cost

Total

Cost

of

Mktg

Marketing Channels

Please indicate percentage if using more than 1 channel.

Percentage

Market channel

Buyer - Consumer

Buyer -Retailer

Buyer -Institutional buyer

Agent -Trader

Others:______________

XI.

Reasons for choosing specific channels:

Respondents may select multiple reasons:

Fast cash

Higher return/income

Recommendation of trusted/any person

Efficiency

Stability

Security

Habit

Saving Time

Saving Labor

Others

84

XII.

Cost and Return (Per Activity)

Cost

GRADING

Labor Cost

Material Cost

Depreciation cost

Equipment

Building

Sub total

Return/Sales

SORTING

Labor Cost

Material Cost

Depreciation cost

Equipment

Building

Sub total

PACKAGING

Labor Cost

Material Cost

Depreciation cost

Equipment

Building

Sub total

HAULING

Labor Cost

Material Cost

Depreciation cost

Equipment

Delivery car

Sub total

XIII.

Cost Per Chain, if involved in other chains.

Chain

Cost

Sales

Net Income

Processing

-refers to cost incurred in processing from

fresh fruit into by products which may

include labor and packaging materials,

maintenance of equipment, utility bills such

as water and electricity and others.

Marketing

-refers to cost incurred in marketing of

either fresh fruit or by products. This include

hauling fee from the farm, rental fee for

market outlet, and labor.

Grand total

85

XIV.

CHALLENGE/S ENCOUNTERED

XV.

RECOMMENDATIONS

END OF INTERVIEW - THANK YOU RESPONDENT

86

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