リケラボ論文検索は、全国の大学リポジトリにある学位論文・教授論文を一括検索できる論文検索サービスです。

リケラボ 全国の大学リポジトリにある学位論文・教授論文を一括検索するならリケラボ論文検索大学・研究所にある論文を検索できる

リケラボ 全国の大学リポジトリにある学位論文・教授論文を一括検索するならリケラボ論文検索大学・研究所にある論文を検索できる

大学・研究所にある論文を検索できる 「温度環境が道徳的意思決定に及ぼす影響 : 再現性の観点からの検討」の論文概要。リケラボ論文検索は、全国の大学リポジトリにある学位論文・教授論文を一括検索できる論文検索サービスです。
リケラボ

コピーが完了しました

URLをコピーしました

論文の公開元へ論文の公開元へ
書き出し

温度環境が道徳的意思決定に及ぼす影響 : 再現性の観点からの検討

須藤, 竜之介 SUDO, Ryunosuke スドウ, リュウノスケ 九州大学

2022.03.23

概要

Temperature is one of the major environmental factors that people are exposed to on a daily basis, often in conditions that do not afford control. It is known that heat and cold can influence a person’s productivity and performance in simple tasks. With respect to social cognition, it has also been suggested that temperature impacts on relatively high-level forms of decision-making. For instance, previous research demonstrated that cold temperature promotes utilitarian judgment in a moral dilemma task. In this moral dilemma task, they offered dilemmas reflecting situations in which the subject can save a larger number of lives by sacrificing one person's life. Utilitarian judgment in this task means that a subject chooses to save more people by sacrificing a victim. This temperature effect could be due to psychological processing, when a cool temperature primes a set of internal representations (associated with “coldness”). Alternatively, the promotion of utilitarian judgment in cold conditions could be due to physiological interference from temperature, impeding on social cognition. Refuting both explanations of psychological or physiological processing, however, it has been suggested that there may be problems of reproducibility in the literature on temperature modulating complex or abstract information processing.

To examine the role of temperature in moral decision-making, we conducted a series of experiments using ambient and haptic temperature with careful manipulation checks and modified task methodology. Experiment 1 (Chapter 2) manipulated room temperature with cool (21℃), control (24℃) and hot (27℃) conditions and found only a cool temperature effect, promoting utilitarian judgment as in the previous study. Experiment 2 (Chapter 3) manipulated the intensity of haptic temperature but failed to obtain the cool temperature effect. Experiments 3 and 4 (Chapter 4 and 5) examined the generalizability of the cool ambient temperature effect with another moral judgment task and with manipulation of exposure duration. However, again there were no cool temperature effects, suggesting a lack of reproducibility. Despite successful manipulations of temperature in all four experiments, as measured in body temperature and the participants’ self-reported perception, we found no systematic influence of temperature on moral decision-making. Meta-analysis of the four experiments (Chapter 6) showed that the overall data tended to provide strong support in favor of the null hypothesis.

In conclusion, this thesis provides detail the effect of ambient and haptic temperature on social judgment, focusing on the effect of cold temperature in a moral dilemma task. In one of the four experiments here, we found a cool temperature that promoted utilitarian judgment, similar to the previous study. The remaining experiments, however, produced weak effects in the opposite direction or no effect of temperature on moral judgment. This occurred despite the fact that our temperature manipulations elicited reliable differences in perceptions of coldness, feelings of comfort, and physiological measurements of skin temperature. We propose that, at least in the range of temperatures from 21 to 27 ℃, the cool temperature effect in moral decision-making is not a robust phenomenon.

論文の公開元へ

関連論文

関連論文をもっと見る

参考文献

Abbasi, A. M., Motamedzade, M., Aliabadi, M., Golmohammadi, R., & Tapak, L. (2019). The impact of indoor air temperature on the executive functions of human brain and the physiological responses of body. Health Promotion Perspectives, 9, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2019.07

Anderson, C. A. (2001). Heat and violence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00109

Awad, E., Dsouza, S., Kim, R., Schulz, J., Henrich, J., Shariff, A., Bonnefon, J.-F., & Rahwan, I. (2018). The moral machine experiment. Nature, 563, 59-64.

Bargh, J. A., & Melnikoff, D. (2019). Does physical warmth prime social warmth? Social Psychology, 50 (3), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000387

Bartels, D. M., & Pizarro, D. A. (2011). The mismeasure of morals: Antisocialpersonality traits predict utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas. Cognition, 121, 154–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.05.010

Bem, D. J. (1987). Writing the empirical journal article. In J. M. Darley, M. P. Zanna, & H. L. Roediger III (Eds.), The Compleat Academic: A Practical Guide for the Beginning Social Scientist (2nd ed., pp. 171–201). American Psychological Association (APA).

Bem, D. J. (2011). Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 407–425.

Büntgen, U., Tegel, W., Nicolussi, K., McCormick, M., Frank, D., Trouet, V., et al. (2011). 2500 years of European climate variability and human susceptibility. Science, 331 (6017), 578–582. DOI:10.1126/science.1197175

Burke, M., Hsiang, S. M., & Miguel, E. (2015a). Climate and conflict. Annual Review of Economics, 7, 577–617. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614- 115430

Burke, M., Hsiang, S. M., & Miguel, E. (2015b). Global non-linear effect of temperature on economic production. Nature, 527, 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15725

Chabris, C. F., Heck, P. R., Mandart, J., Benjamin, D. J., & Simons, D. J. (2019). No evidence that experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth: Two failures to replicate Williams and Bargh (2008). Social Psychology, 50 (2), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000361.

Cesario, J., & Jonas, K. J. (2014). Replicability and Models of Priming: What a Resource Computation Framework can Tell us About Expectations of Replicability. Social Cognition, 32, 124-136.

Christensen, J. F., Flexas, A., Calabrese, M., Gut, N. K., & Gomila, A. (2014). Moral judgment reloaded: a moral dilemma validation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 607. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00607

Crone, D.L., Bode, S., Murawski, C., & Laham, S.M. (2018). The Socio-Moral Image Database (SMID): A novel stimulus set for the study of social, moral and affective processes. PLoS ONE, 13, e0190954. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190954

Crone, D. L., & Laham, S. M. (2017). Utilitarian preferences or action preferences? Deconfounding action and moral code in sacrificial dilemmas. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 476-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.022 Doyen, S., Klein, O., Pichon, C.-L., & Cleeremans, A. (2012). Behavioral priming: It’s all in the mind, but whose mind? PLoS ONE, 7, e29081. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029081

Ebersole, C. R., Atherton, O. E., Belanger, A. L., Skulborstad, H. M., Allen, J. M., Banks, J. B., et al. (2016). Many Labs 3: Evaluating participant pool quality across the academic semester via replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 68–82. http://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jesp.2015.10.012

Fanelli, D. (2010). “Positive” results increase down the hierarchy of the sciences. PLoS ONE, 5 (4), e10068. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010068

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

Foot, P. (1967). The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect. Oxford Review, 5, 5-15.

Galak, J., LeBoeuf, R. A., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2012). Correcting the past: Failures to replicate psi. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103 (6), 933– 948. doi:10.1037/a0029709

Gelman, A., & Loken, E. (2014). The Statistical Crisis in Science : data-dependent analysis--a ""garden of forking paths""--explains why many statistically significant comparisons don't hold up. American Scientist, 102 (6), 460. doi:10.1511/2014.111.460

Gockel, C., Kolb, P. M., & Werth, L. (2014). Murder or not? Cold temperature makes criminals appear to be cold-blooded and warm temperature to be hot-headed. PLoS ONE, 9, e96231. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096231

Greene, J. D. (2007). Why are VMPFC patients more utilitarian? A dual-process theory of moral judgment explains. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11 (8), 322–323 (author reply 323–324).

Greene, J. D. (2009). Dual-process morality and the personal/impersonal distinction: a reply to McGuire, Langdon, Coltheart, and Mackenzie. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45 (3), 581–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.003

Greene, J. D. Cushman, F. A., Stewart, L. E., Lowenberg, K., Nystrom, L. E. & Cohen, J. D. (2009). Pushing moral buttons: The interaction between personal force and intention in moral judgment. Cognition, 111 (3), 364-371.

Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M. & Cohen, J. D. (2004). The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron, 44, 389- 400.

Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293 (5537), 2105–2108. DOI:10.1126/science.1062872

Hancock, P. A., Ross, J. M., & Szalma, J. L. (2007). A meta-analysis of performance response under thermal stressors. Human Factors, 49 (5), 851–877. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872007X230226

Hauser, M., Cushman, F., Young, L., Jin, R. K. X., and Mikhail, J. (2007). A dissociation between moral judgments and justifications. Mind & Language. 22, 1–21. Heyes, A., & Saberian, S. (2019). Temperature and decisions: Evidence from 207,000 court cases. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 11 (2), 238–265. DOI:10.1257/app.20170223

IJzerman, H., & Semin, G. R. (2009). The thermometer of social relations: Mapping social proximity on temperature. Psychological Science, 20 (10), 1214–1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02434.x

Judd, C. M., Westfall, J. & Kenny, D. A. (2012). Treating stimuli as a random factor in social psychology: A new and comprehensive solution to a pervasive but largely ignored problem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028347

John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychological Science, 23, 524-532.

Kahane, G., Everett, J. A. C., Earp, B. D., Caviola, L., Faber, N. S., Crockett, M. J., & Savulescu, J. (2018). Beyond sacrificial harm: A two-dimensional model of utilitarian psychology. Psychological Review, 125 (2), 131-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000093

Kahane, G., Everett, J. A., Earp, B. D., Farias, M., & Savulescu, J. (2015). “Utilitarian” judgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good. Cognition, 134, 193–209. doi:10.1016/j.cognition .2014.10.005

Kang, Y., Williams, L. E., Clark, M. S., Gray, J. R., & Bargh, J. A. (2011). Physical temperature effects on trust behavior: The role of insula. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6 (4), 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq077

Keller, M. C., Fredrickson, B. L., Ybarra, O., Côté, S., Johnson, K., Mikels, J., et al. (2005). A warm heart and a clear head the contingent effects of weather on mood and cognition. Psychological Science, 16 (9), 724–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01602.x

Kerr, N. L. (1998). HARKing: Hypothesizing After the Results are Known. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2 (3), 196–217. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4

Klein, R. A., Ratliff, K. A., Vianello, M., Adams, R. B., Bahník, Š., Bernstein, M. J., et al. (2014). Investigating Variation in Replicability. Social Psychology, 45, 142–152.

Klein, R. A., Vianello, M., Hasselman, F., Adams, B. G., Adams, R. B., Alper, S., et al. (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 443–490.

Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A Tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963

Larrick, R. P., Timmerman, T. A., Carton, A. M., & Abrevaya, J. (2011). Temper, temperature, and temptation: Heat-related retaliation in baseball. Psychological Science, 22 (4), 423– 428. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611399292

LeBel, E. P., & Campbell, L. (2013). Heightened sensitivity to temperature cues in individuals with high anxious attachment: Real or elusive phenomenon? Psychological Science, 24 (10), 2128–2130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613486983

Liu, H., Yang, J., & Yamada, Y. (2020). Heat and fraud: Evaluating how room temperature influences fraud likelihood. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 5, 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-00261-2

Lombrozo, T. (2009). The role of moral commitments in moral judgment. Cognitive Science, 33, 273-286.

Lynott, D., Corker, K. S., Connell, L., & O’Brien, K. S. (2017). The effect of haptic and ambient temperature experience on prosocial behavior. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 5 (1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000031

Lynott, D., Corker, K. S., Wortman, J., Connell, L., Donnellan, M. B., Lucas, R. E., et al. (2014). Replication of “Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth” by Williams and Bargh (2008). Social Psychology, 45 (3), 216 –222. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000187

Miyajima, T., & Meng, X. (2017). Experiencing physical warmth affects implicit attitudes and altruistic behavior toward outgroup in females. BMC Research Notes, 10, 648. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2972-3

Moore, A. B., Clark, B. A., & Kane, M. J. (2008). Who shalt not kill?: Individual differences in working memory capacity, executive control, and moral judgment. Psychological Science, 19 (6), 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9280.2008.02122.x

Nakamura, H., Ito, Y., Honma, Y., Mori, T., & Kawaguchi, J. (2014). Cold-hearted or cool-headed: Physical coldness promotes utilitarian moral judgment. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01086

Nosek, B. A., Ebersole, C. R., DeHaven, A. C., & Mellor, D. T. (2018). The preregistration revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (11), 2600–2606. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708274114

Nosek, B. A., & Lakens, D. (2014). Registered reports. Social Psychology, 45, 137–141. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000192 Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349 (6251), aac4716. doi:10.1126/science.aac4716

Ounjai, K., Kobayashi, S., Takahashi, M., Matsuda, T., & Lauwereyns, J. (2018). Active confirmation bias in the evaluative processing of food images. Scientific Reports, 8, 16864. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35179-9

Pashler, H., Coburn, N., & Harris, C. R. (2012). Priming of social distance? Failure to replicate effects on social and food judgments. PLoS ONE, 7, e42510. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042510

Paxton, J. M., Ungar, L. & Greene, J. D. (2011). Reflection and reasoning in moral judgment. Cognitive Science, 36 (1), 163-177.

Peirce, J., Gray, J. R., Simpson, S., MacAskill, M., Höchenberger, R., Sogo, H., et al. (2019). PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y

Pilcher, J. J., Nadler, E., & Busch, C. (2002). Effects of hot and cold temperature exposure on performance: A meta-analytic review. Ergonomics, 45 (10), 682–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130210158419

Ranson, M. (2014). Crime, weather, and climate change. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 67 (3), 274–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2013.11.008

Ritchie, S. J., Wiseman, R., & French, C. C. (2012). Failing the future: three unsuccessful 100 attempts to replicate Bem’s “retroactive facilitation of recall” effect. PloS ONE, 7 (3), e33423. Schilder, J. D., IJzerman, H., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2015). Physical Warmth and Perceptual Focus: a replication of IJzerman and Semin (2009). PLoS ONE, 10, e0129636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129636

Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant. Psychological Science, 22 (11), 1359–1366. doi:10.1177/0956797611417632

Starcke, K., Ludwig, A., & Brand, M. (2012). Anticipatory stress interferes with utilitarian moral judgment. Judgment and Decision Making, 7 (1), 61–68.

Steinmetz, J., & Posten, A.-C. (2017). Physical temperature affects response behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70, 294-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.12.001

Storey, S., & Workman, L. (2013). The effects of temperature priming on cooperation in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma. Evolutionary Psychology, 11 (1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100106

Suter, R. S., & Hertwig, R. (2011). Time and moral judgment. Cognition, 119 (3), 454- 458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.018

Taylor, L., Watkins, S. L., Marshall, H., Dascombe, B. J., & Foster, J. (2016). The impact of environmental conditions on cognitive function: A focused review. Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00372

Thomson, J. J. (1985). The trolley problem. Yale Law Journal, 94, 1395–1415. Valdesolo, P. & Desteno, D. (2006). Manipulations of emotional context shape moral judgment. Psychological science, 17 (6), 476-477.

Wang, X. (2017). An empirical study of the impacts of ambient temperature on risk taking. Psychology, 8 (7), 1053-1062. DOI:10.4236/psych.2017.87069

Wicherts, J. (2021). How misconduct helped psychological science to thrive. Nature, 597, 153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02421-w

Williams, L. E., & Bargh, J. A. (2008). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322 (5901), 606–607. DOI:10.1126/science.1162548

Wolf, A., Ounjai, K., Takahashi, M., Kobayashi, S.,Matsuda, T., & Lauwereyns, J. (2018). Evaluative processing of food images: a conditional role for viewing in preference formation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00936

Yamada, Y. (2018). How to crack pre-registration: Toward transparent and open science. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1831.

Yeganeh, A. J., Reichard, G., McCoy, A. P., Bulbul, T., & Jazizadeh, F. (2018). Correlation of ambient air temperature and cognitive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Building and Environment, 143, 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.07.002

Youssef, F. F., Dookeeram, K., Basdeo, V., Francis, E., Doman, M., Mamed, D., et al. (2012). Stress alters personal moral decision making. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37 (4), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.017

Zhang, D. D., Brecke, P., Lee, H. F., He, Y.-Q., & Zhang, J. (2007). Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 (49), 19214–19219. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703073104

参考文献をもっと見る

全国の大学の
卒論・修論・学位論文
を
一発検索！

この論文の関連論文を見る