1. Thrumurthy SG, Chaudry MA, Chau I, Allum W. Does surgery have a role in managing incurable gastric cancer? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015; 12: 676–82. doi: https://doi. org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.132
2. Tey J, Back MF, Shakespeare TP, Mukherjee RK, Lu JJ, Lee KM, et al. The role of palliative radiation therapy in symptomatic locally advanced gastric cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 67: 385–8. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.08.070
3. Kim Y-I, Choi IJ. Endoscopic management of tumor bleeding from inoperable gastric cancer. Clin Endosc 2015; 48: 121–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.2.121
4. Kim Y-I, Choi IJ, Cho S-J, Lee JY, Kim CG, Kim M-J, et al. Outcome of endoscopic therapy for cancer bleeding in patients with unresectable gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28: 1489–95. doi: https://doi. org/10.1111/jgh.12262
5. Koh KH, Kim K, Kwon DH, Chung BS, Sohn JY, Ahn DS, et al. The successful endoscopic hemostasis factors in bleeding from advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16: 397–403. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10120-012-0200-3
6. Lee YH, Lee JW, Jang HS. Palliative external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of tumor bleeding in inoperable advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17: 541. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017- 3508-x
7. Tey J, Choo BA, Leong CN, Loy EY, Wong LC, Lim K, et al. Clinical outcome of palliative radiotherapy for locally advanced symptomatic gastric cancer in the modern era. Medicine 2014; 93: e118. doi: https://doi. org/10.1097/MD.0000000000000118
8. Kawabata H, Uno K, Yasuda K, Yamashita M, low-dose Eof. Experience of low-dose, short- course palliative radiotherapy for bleeding from unresectable gastric cancer. J Palliat Med 2017; 20: 177–80. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1089/jpm.2016.0141
9. Tanaka O, Yokoi R, Mukai T, Yamada M, Kato T, Taniguchi T, et al. Radiotherapy for gastric bleeding from tumor invasion of recurrent colon cancer with liver metastasis after resection. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50: 349–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-017-0026-7
10. Tanaka O, Matsuura K, Sugiyama A, Kato T, Tomita E, Matsuo M. Hemostatic radiotherapy used twice for inoperable progressive gastric cancer with bleeding. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50: 151–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-017-9994-x
11. Tanaka O, Yamada M, Kato T, Taniguchi T, Ono K, Matsuo M. Two sessions of radiotherapy were successful in treating gastric cancer with bleeding. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018;: 1–5.
12. Tey J, Soon YY, Koh WY, Leong CN, Choo BA, Ho F, et al. Palliative radiotherapy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 25797–805. doi: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15554
13. Lee JA, Lim DH, Park W, Ahn YC, Huh SJ. Radiation therapy for gastric cancer bleeding. Tumori 2009; 95: 726–30. doi: https://doi. org/10.1177/030089160909500615
14. Pereira J, Phan T. Management of bleeding in patients with advanced cancer. Oncologist 2004; 9: 561–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1634/ theoncologist.9-5-561
15. Chaw CL, Niblock PG, Chaw CS, Adamson DJ. The role of palliative radiotherapy for haemostasis in unresectable gastric cancer: a single-institution experience. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8: 384. doi: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2014.384
16. Hashimoto K, Mayahara H, Takashima A, Nakajima TE, Kato K, Hamaguchi T, et al. Palliative radiation therapy for hemorrhage of unresectable gastric cancer: a single Institute experience. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135: 1117–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-009-0553-0
17. Asakura H, Hashimoto T, Harada H, Mizumoto M, Furutani K, Hasuike N, et al. Palliative radiotherapy for bleeding from advanced gastric cancer: is a schedule of 30 Gy in 10 fractions adequate? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137: 125–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-010-0866-z
18. Kondoh C, Shitara K, Nomura M, Takahari D, Ura T, Tachibana H, et al. Efficacy of palliative radiotherapy for gastric bleeding in patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Palliat Care 2015; 14: 37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-015-0034-y
19. Kosugi T, Shikama N, Saito T, Nakamura N, Nakura A, Harada H, et al. A nationwide survey in Japan of palliative radiotherapy for bleeding in gastrointestinal and genitourinary tumor patients. World J Oncol 2016; 7(2-3): 29–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjon977w
20. Corry J, Peters LJ, Costa Ieta D', Milner AD, Fawns H, Rischin D, et al. The 'QUAD SHOT'--a phase II study of palliative radiotherapy for incurable head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 2005; 77: 137–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2005.10. 008
21. Tey J, Zheng H, Soon YY, Leong CN, Koh WY, Lim K, et al. Palliative radiotherapy in symptomatic locally advanced gastric cancer: a phase II trial. Cancer Med 2019; 8: 1447–58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2021
22. National Cancer Institute Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE..