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Experimental study on the stability and measurement of ultrafine bubbles in water (本文)

田中, 俊也 慶應義塾大学

2021.03.23

概要

国際標準化機構（ISO）によれば、ウルトラファインバブル（UFB）は「体積相当直径 1 μm 未満の気泡」と定義され、数週間以上水中に安定して存在し続ける泡であるとされる。しかしながら、UFB の安定性は古典的な理論では説明できず、研究者の間で議論を呼んでいる。本論文は、この問題を解決する手段として各国研究者間の共同研究の推進を提案し、標準サンプルとなりうる UFB を対象とした安定性試験を実施した。加えて、代表的な UFB の計測法である粒子追跡法（PTA 法）の改善点を指摘し、屈折率に関する新たなデータ解析方法も提案した。

第 1 章は、UFB に関連する用語を整理し、ISO の定義および ISO 規格化の状況、そして学術界の議論をまとめた。UFB が気泡かどうかをめぐって混乱する現状を解決する手段として、国際的な共同研究の推進が一つの解決策となりうると指摘した。

第 2 章では、基礎的な分析操作に不可欠な、希釈・濃縮操作が UFB の安定性に及ぼす影響を検討した。UFB は安定性を保ったまま、任意の濃度に希釈・濃縮可能であった。また、濃縮した UFB 分散液を用いて、動的光散乱法（DLS 法）の解析アルゴリズムを議論した。

第 3 章では、商用 UFB 発生装置を用いた UFB 分散液の製造及び製造した UFB の長期安定性について議論した。まず、UFB 発生挙動について溶存ガスおよび全有機炭素濃度の測定から考察した。続いて、UFB の長期安定性におよぼす保存容器および温度の影響を検討した。UFB の安定性は二次反応型の凝集モデルによって予測できると示し、凝集速度定数をまとめた。

第 4 章ではドイツとカナダの研究機関と協力し、飛行機による国際輸送中の UFB安定性を報告した。安定した輸送のための液充填方法を明らかにした。また、実験室での振動試験により、輸送中の振動が引き起こす液流動が UFB の凝集を促進する可能性を指摘した。加えて、PTA 法の個数濃度測定誤差の原因を明らかにし、その解決策についても考察した。

第5 章では、超音波間接照射によってUFB を不安定化し除去できることを示した。ゼータ電位および電気化学的液物性の測定から、UFB の不安定化メカニズムを明らかにした。UFB の散乱強度および屈折率についても議論し、商用 PTA 装置を用いた汎用性の高い屈折率推定方法を提案した。

第 6 章では本研究で得られた知見についてまとめ、今後 UFB を共同で研究する際に注意を払うべき点や報告されるべき事項について考察した。

以上の通り、本論文では、水中の UFB の基礎物性を明らかにした。同時に、主要な計測装置の改善点と新たな物性解析手法を提案した。

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