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Plant Antiviral Resistance Genes May Have Undergone Dissimilar Selection in Nature and in Crop Fields

MIYASHITA Shuhei Derib Alemu ABEBE Sietske van BENTUM SUZUKI Machi ANDO Sugihiro TAKAHASHI Hideki 東北大学

2020.03

概要

Plant genomes contain more than 100 copies of Resistance (R) genes that encode receptor proteins. Each gene product directly or indirectly recognizes pathogen infection to induce resistance against the pathogen. The product of the Arabidopsis thaliana R gene RCY1 recognizes the capsid protein of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and induces a hypersensitive response (HR), which leads to programmed cell death of infected cells and containment of the virus in inoculated leaves. We recently demonstrated that the average number of CMV genomes that established cell infection [i.e., multiplicity of infection (MOI)] after cell-to-cell movement decreased by ~23% upon induction of HR. In contrast, infection by a CMV mutant that had a smaller reduction in MOI (~10%) upon R-gene-mediated recognition resulted in a systemic HR in the plant, leading to plant death. This finding suggested that inefficient induction of resistance allows a virus to spread, causing the death of the infected plant. A simulation suggested that this death of an infected individual may function as a suicide strategy to protect neighboring plants that are often “kin” of the infected plant, by reducing the source of infection. Thus, systemic host death, caused by inefficient R-gene-mediated induction of resistance against viruses, can be positively selected in nature; this type of death serves as population-level resistance against the pathogen and the starting point for further adaptation toward more efficient resistance. During plant domestication, traits facilitating population-level resistance may have undergone negative selection, resulting in the loss of associated R genes in our most common crops.

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参考文献

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