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Effects of Attention to Proprioception on Motor Learning

千代原, 真哉 大阪大学

2022.03.24

概要

我々が投球動作やダーツ,テニスのサーブ,ゴルフのスイング,サッカーのシュートのような新しい運動スキルを学習するときは,多くの試行錯誤と練習を必要とする.そのため,運動スキルの学習や運動制御を効率的に学習する方法が望まれており,先行研究でも様々な観点から検討されている.運動スキルの習得に時間がかかる一つの理由は,広い探索空間の中,試行錯誤で目的を達成するための解(運動指令や感覚表象)を探索していく必要性があげられる.このような複雑なスキルの学習や運動制御において効率的に学習する方法を検討するのが本研究の狙いである.

この目的を達成するために,本研究で注目したのが,インストラクターが学習者にフォームや望ましい運動を教える際に用いる身体接触による教示である.この受動的なトレーニングの利点は自己受容感覚を通した運動情報の伝達にあるが,このことがどのように自己受容感覚システムに影響し,学習を改善するのかは分かっていなかった.

そこで,本研究では身体接触による運動教示(受動的なトレーニング)を再現するために外骨格ロボットを使用して,受動的なトレーニングの学習効果とそのメカニズムを検証した.まずは学習者が自己受容感覚情報に注意を向け,どのように利用しているかを検討するために自己受容感覚の変化に着目し,もし学習者が運動パフォーマンスの改善に自己受容感覚情報を利用しているならば,注意が自己受容感覚に向き,結果的に自己受容感覚の鋭敏さがトレーニング後に改善するという仮説を立てて検証した.また,自己受容感覚から得た情報を運動学習に利用するために視覚的な軌道に変換して保持・利用しているのか,自己受容感覚の情報として関節空間で記憶し,運動学習に利用しているのかを調べた.さらに,受動的なトレーニング効 果と関連する可能性が考えられた自己受容感覚の短期記憶や感覚の不確実性,注意について,運動軌道の学習効果との関係性を検討した.

その結果,受動的な身体教示によるトレーニング効果は自己受容感覚の短期記憶や注意を基盤とした,関節空間(自己受容感覚)での運動軌道の表象の形成であることが示唆された.これにより,受動的に運動を教示することで,教示した空間周辺に探索空間を限定することができる可能性が示された.このような受動的な運動経験によって,学習を効率的に進めることができるならば,外骨格ロボットによって自身に適した運動を誰しもが経験し,学習に利用できるシステムの開発に繋がる可能性がある.

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