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Acknowledgements
This study was partly founded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI Grant number
20K05938) and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED Grant number JP21ae0121036).
Author contributions
K.I., D.S., and M.I. wrote the manuscript. D.S. and A.K. conceived and designed the experiments. D.S. operated
and analyzed the model culture system. K.K. performed the characterization and measurement of CS. M.I. and
Y.O. contributed to the metabolome analysis. D.S., M.I., and Y.O. revised the manuscript. A.K. conceived and
supervised the research. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-023-38849-5.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.K.
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