1 Lee AC, Kozuki N, Cousens S, et al. Estimates of burden and consequences of infants born small for gestational age in low and middle income countries with INTERGROWTH-21(st) standard: analysis of CHERG datasets. BMJ. 2017;358:j3677. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3677.
2 Crispi F, Bijnens B, Figueras F, et al. Fetal growth restriction results in remodeled and less efficient hearts in children. Circulation. 2010;121(22):2427–2436. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.937995.
3 Cruz-Lemini M, Crispi F, Valenzuela-Alcaraz B, et al. Fetal cardiovascular remodeling persists at 6 months in infants with intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(3):349–356. doi:10.1002/ uog.15767.
4 Tei C, Nishimura RA, Seward JB, Tajik AJ. Noninvasive Doppler-derived myocardial performance index: correlation with simultaneous measurements of cardiac catheterization measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1997;10(2):169–178. doi:10.1016/s0894-7317(97)70090-7.
5 Hernandez-Andrade E, López-Tenorio J, Figueroa-Diesel H, et al. A modified myocardial performance (Tei) index based on the use of valve clicks improves reproducibility of fetal left cardiac function assessment. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;26(3):227–232. doi:10.1002/uog.1959.
6 Davutoglu EA, Ozel A, Oztunc F, Madazli R. Modified myocardial performance index and its prognostic significance for adverse perinatal outcome in early and late onset fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(2):277–282. doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1489534.
7 Bhorat IE, Bagratee JS, Pillay M, Reddy T. Determination of the myocardial performance index in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction and its link to adverse outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2015;35(3):266–273. doi:10.1002/pd.4537.
8 Bhorat IE, Bagratee JS, Reddy T. Assessment of fetal myocardial performance in severe early onset pre- eclampsia (EO-PET) with and without intrauterine growth restriction across deteriorating stages of placental vascular resistance and links to adverse outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;210:325–333. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.01.014.
9 Henry A, Alphonse J, Tynan D, Welsh AW. Fetal myocardial performance index in assessment and manage- ment of small-for-gestational-age fetus: a cohort and nested case-control study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;51(2):225–235. doi:10.1002/uog.17476.
10 Patey O, Carvalho JS, Thilaganathan B. Perinatal changes in cardiac geometry and function in growth- restricted fetuses at term. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;53(5):655–662. doi:10.1002/uog.19193.
11 Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Carpenter RJ, Deter RL, Park SK. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight. The value of femur length in addition to head and abdomen measurements. Radiology. 1984;150(2):535–540. doi:10.1148/radiology.150.2.6691115.
12 Stirnemann J, Villar J, Salomon LJ, et al. International estimated fetal weight standards of the INTER- GROWTH-21(st) Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;49(4):478–486. doi:10.1002/uog.17347.
13 Benavides-Serralde A, Scheier M, Cruz-Martinez R, et al. Changes in central and peripheral circulation in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses at different stages of umbilical artery flow deterioration: new fetal cardiac and brain parameters. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2011;71(4):274–280. doi:10.1159/000323548.
14 Nassr AA, Youssef AA, Zakherah MS, Ismail AM, Brost BC. Clinical application of fetal left modified myo- cardial performance index in the evaluation of fetal growth restriction. J Perinat Med. 2015;43(6):749–754. doi:10.1515/jpm-2014-0018.
15 Zhang L, Han J, Zhang N, et al. Assessment of fetal modified myocardial performance index in early-onset and late-onset fetal growth restriction. Echocardiography. 2019;36(6):1159–1164. doi:10.1111/echo.14364.
16 Hernandez-Andrade E, Figueroa-Diesel H, Kottman C, et al. Gestational-age-adjusted reference values for the modified myocardial performance index for evaluation of fetal left cardiac function. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29(3):321–325. doi:10.1002/uog.3947.
17 Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs CA, De Boer MA, Heymans MW, et al. Prognostic accuracy of cerebro- placental ratio and middle cerebral artery Doppler for adverse perinatal outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;51(3):313–322. doi:10.1002/uog.18809.
18 Figueras F, Benavides A, Del Rio M, et al. Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: lon- gitudinal changes in ductus venosus and aortic isthmus flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009;33(1):39–43. doi:10.1002/uog.6278.
19 Hecher K, Bilardo CM, Stigter RH, et al. Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;18(6):564–570. doi:10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00590.x.
20 Hasan SMT, Khan MA, Ahmed T. Inadequate maternal weight gain in the third trimester increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction in rural Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212116. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0212116.
21 Tran NT, Nguyen LT, Berde Y, Low YL, Tey SL, Huynh DTT. Maternal nutritional adequacy and gesta- tional weight gain and their associations with birth outcomes among Vietnamese women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):468. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2643-6.