1. Nagata K, Usui N, Kanamori Y, Takahashi S, Hayakawa M, Okuyama H, Inamura N, Fujino Y, Taguchi T (2013) The current profile and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a nationwide survey in Japan. J Pediatr Surg 48:738–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.12.017
2. Gallot D, Boda C, Ughetto S, Perthus I, Robert-Gnansia E, Francannet C, Laurichesse-Delmas H, Jani J, Coste K, Deprest J, Labbe A, Sapin V, Lemery D (2007) Prenatal detection and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a French registry-based study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29:276–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.3863
3. Boloker J, Bateman DA, Wung JT, Stolar CJ (2002) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 120 infants treated consecutively with permissive hypercapnea/spontaneous respiration/elective repair. J Pediatr Surg 37:357–366. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2002.30834
4. Javid PJ, Jaksic T, Skarsgard ED, Lee S, Canadian Neonatal Network (2004) Survival rate in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the experience of the Canadian Neonatal Network. J Pediatr Surg 39:657– 660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.01.022
5. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group, Lally KP, Lally PA, Lasky RE, Tibboel D, Jaksic T, Wilson JM, Frenckner B, Van Meurs KP, Bohn DJ, Davis CF, Hirschl RB (2007) Defect size determines survival in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatrics 120:e651–e657. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3040
6. Migliazza L, Bellan C, Alberti D, Auriemma A, Burgio G, Locatelli G, Colombo A (2007) Retrospective study of 111 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and presurgical stabilization. J Pediatr Surg 42:1526–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.04.015
7. Lazar DA, Cass DL, Rodriguez MA, Hassan SF, Cassady CI, Johnson YR, Johnson KE, Johnson A, Moise KJ, Belleza-Bascon B, Olutoye OO (2011) Impact of prenatal evaluation and protocol-based perinatal management on congenital diaphragmatic hernia outcomes. J Pediatr Surg 46:808–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.02.009
8. Beaumier CK, Beres AL, Puligandla PS, Skarsgard ED, Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network (2015) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with right congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A population-based study. J Pediatr Surg 50:731–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.027
9. Skari H, Bjornland K, Haugen G, Egeland T, Emblem R (2000) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a meta-analysis of mortality factors. J Pediatr Surg 35:1187–1197. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2000.8725
10. Fisher JC, Jefferson RA, Arkovitz MS, Stolar CJ (2008) Redefining outcomes in right congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 43:373–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.10.049
11. Daher P, Zeidan S, Azar E, Khoury M, Melki I, Mikhael R (2003) Right congenital diaphragmatic hernia a well-known pathology? Pediatr Surg Int 19:293–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0845-9
12. Midrio P, Gobbi D, Baldo V, Gamba P (2007) Right congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an 18-year experience. J Pediatr Surg 42:517–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.044
13. Hedrick HL, Crombleholme TM, Flake AW, Nance ML, von Allmen D, Howell LJ, Johnson MP, Wilson RD, Adzick NS (2004) Right congenital diaphragmatic hernia: prenatal assessment and outcome. J Pediatr Surg 39:319–23; discussion 319 [Discussion]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.11.006
14. Colvin J, Bower C, Dickinson JE, Sokol J (2005) Outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a population-based study in Western Australia. Pediatrics 116:e356–e363. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2845
15. Wilson JM, Lund DP, Lillehei CW, Vacanti JP (1997) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia--a tale of two cities: the Boston experience. J Pediatr Surg 32:401–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90590-x
16. Kim AG, Norwitz G, Karmakar M, Ladino-Torres M, Berman DR, Kreutzman J, Treadwell MC, Mychaliska GB, Perrone EE (2020) Discordant prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI in CDH: wherein lies the truth? J Pediatr Surg 55:1879–1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.11.007
17. Schaible T, Kohl T, Reinshagen K, Brade J, Neff KW, Stressig R, Büsing KA (2012) Right- versus left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: postnatal outcome at a specialized tertiary care center. Pediatr Crit Care Med 13:66–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182192aa9
18. Jani JC, Benachi A, Nicolaides KH, Allegaert K, Gratacós E, Mazkereth R, Matis J, Tibboel D, Van Heijst A, Storme L, Rousseau V, Greenough A, Deprest JA, Antenatal-CDH-Registry group (2009) Prenatal prediction of neonatal morbidity in survivors with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:64–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.6141
19. Tsao K, Lally KP (2008) The Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group: a voluntary international registry. Semin Pediatr Surg 17:90–97. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2008.02.004
20. Usui N, Nagata K, Hayakawa M, Okuyama H, Kanamori Y, Takahashi S, Inamura N, Taguchi T (2014) Pneumothoraces as a fatal complication of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the era of gentle ventilation. Eur J Pediatr Surg 24:31–38. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1357753
21. Jaffray B, MacKinlay GA (1996) Real and apparent mortality from congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Br J Surg 83:79–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800830125
22. Touloukian RJ, Markowitz RI (1984) A preoperative x-ray scoring system for risk assessment of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 19:252–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(84)80180-3
23. Gibson C, Fonkalsrud EW (1983) Iatrogenic pneumothorax and mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 18:555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(83)80358-3
24. Harrison MR, Bjordal RI, Langmark F, Knutrud O (1978) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the hidden mortality. J Pediatr Surg 13:227–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(78)80391-1
25. Azarow K, Messineo A, Pearl R, Filler R, Barker G, Bohn D (1997) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia—A tale of two cities: the Toronto experience. J Pediatr Surg 32:395–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90589-3
26. Laudy JA, Van Gucht M, Van Dooren MF, Wladimiroff JW, Tibboel D (2003) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an evaluation of the prognostic value of the lung-to-head ratio and other prenatal parameters. Prenat Diagn 23:634–639. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.654
27. Kitano Y, Nakagawa S, Kuroda T, Honna T, Itoh Y, Nakamura T, Morikawa N, Shimizu N, Kashima K, Hayashi S, Sago H (2005) Liver position in fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia retains a prognostic value in the era of lung-protective strategy. J Pediatr Surg 40:1827–1832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.08.020
28. Muratore CS, Kharasch V, Lund DP, Sheils C, Friedman S, Brown C, Utter S, Jaksic T, Wilson JM (2001) Pulmonary morbidity in 100 survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia monitored in a multidisciplinary clinic. J Pediatr Surg 36:133–140. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2001.20031
29. Byrne F, Keller R, Meadows J, Miniati D, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ (2015) Severe left diaphragmatic hernia limits size of fetal left heart more than does right diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 46:688–694. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14790
30. Rasanen J, Wood DC, Weiner S, Ludomirski A, Huhta JC (1996) Role of the pulmonary circulation in the distribution of human fetal cardiac output during the second half of pregnancy. Circulation 94:1068–1073. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.5.1068
31. Friedman WF (1972) The intrinsic physiologic properties of the developing heart. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 15:87–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-0620(72)90006-0
32. Momma K, Ando M, Mori Y, Ito T (1992) Hypoplasia of the lung and heart in fetal rats with diaphragmatic hernia. Fetal Diagn Ther 7:46–52. https://doi.org/10.1159/000263650
33. Peralta CF, Cavoretto P, Csapo B, Vandecruys H, Nicolaides KH (2005) Assessment of lung area in normal fetuses at 12–32 weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:718–724. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.2651
34. Cannie M, Jani J, Meersschaert J, Allegaert K, Done' E, Marchal G, Deprest J, Dymarkowski S (2008) Prenatal prediction of survival in isolated diaphragmatic hernia using observed to expected total fetal lung volume determined by magnetic resonance imaging based on either gestational age or fetal body volume. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32:633–639. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.6139