1) Elia M, Ritz P, Stubbs RJ. Total energy expnditure in the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 ;54 Suppl 3:S92-103
2) Morley JE. Decreased Food Intake With Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56A (Special Issue II):81-88
3) ter Borg S, Verlaan S, Mijnarends DM, et al. Macronutrient Intake and Inadequacies of Community-Dwelling Older Adults, a Systematic Review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015; 66: 242-255.
4) 2018 Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey , https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/kenkou/eiyou/h30- houkoku_00001.html [Cited 12 June 2020]
5) Sorkin JD, Muller DC, Andres R. Longitudinal change in the heights of men and women: consequential effects on body mass index. Epidemiol Rev. 1999; 21: 247-260.
6) Enoki H, Kuzuya M, Masuda Y, et al. Anthropometric measurements of mid-upper arm as a mortality predictor for community-dwelling Japanese elderly: the Nagoya Longitudinal Study of Frail Elderly (NLS-FE). Clin Nutr. 2007; 26: 597-604.
7) Obesity Update 2017 – OECD, https://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/Obesity- Update-2017.pdf [Cited 12 June 2020].
8) Razak F, Anand SS, Shannon H, et al. Defining obesity cut points in a multiethnic population. Circulation. 2007; 115: 2111-2118.
9) WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363: 157-163.
10) Porter Starr KN, Bales CW. Excessive Body Weight in Older Adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015; 31: 311-326.
11) The National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, 2016, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/eiyou/dl/h28-houkoku-05.pdf. [Cited 12 June 2020].
12) The Global BMI Mortality Collaboration. Body-mass Index and All-Cause Mortality: Individual-Participant-Data Meta-Analysis of 239 Prospective Studies in Four Continents. Lancet. 2016; 388: 776-786.
13) Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, et al. Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 2211-2219.
14) Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland B, et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364: 719-729.
15) Winter JE, MacInnis RJ, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Nowson CA. BMI and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99: 875-890.
16) Bhaskaran K, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, et al. Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3·6 million adults in the UK. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6: 944-953.
17) Walter S, Kunst A, Mackenbach J, et al. Mortality and disability: the effect of overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009; 33: 1410-1418.
18) Berraho M, Nejjari C, Raherison C, et al. Body mass index, disability, and 13-year mortality in older French adults. J Aging Health. 2010; 22: 68-83.
19) Tamakoshi A, Yatsuya H, Lin Y, et al; JACC Study Group. BMI and all-cause mortality among Japanese older adults: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010; 18: 362-369.
20) Veronese N, Cereda E, Solmi M, et al. Inverse relationship between body mass index and mortality in older nursing home residents: a meta-analysis of 19,538 elderly subjects. Obes Rev. 2015; 16: 1001-1015.
21) Zekry D, Herrmann FR, Vischer UM. The association between the body mass index and 4-year all-cause mortality in older hospitalized patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013; 68: 705-711.
22) Landi F, Onder G, Gambassi G, et al. Body mass index and mortality among hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med. 2000; 160: 2641-2644.
23) GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, et al. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 13-27.
24) Friedmann JM, Elasy T, Jensen GL. The relationship between body mass index and self-reported functional limitation among older adults: a gender difference. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001; 49: 398-403.
25) Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kuryłowicz A, Walkiewicz D, et al. Obesity Paradox in Caucasian Seniors: Results of the PolSenior Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019; 23: 796-804.
26) Al Snih S, Ottenbacher KJ, Markides KS, et al. The effect of obesity on disability vs mortality in older Americans. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 774-780.
27) Zhang S, Tomata Y, Sugiyama K, et al. Body mass index and the risk of incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: The OHSAKI Cohort 2006 Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95: e4452.
28) Lv YB, Yuan JQ, Mao C, et al. Association of Body Mass Index With Disability in Activities of Daily Living Among Chinese Adults 80 Years of Age or Older. JAMA Netw Open. 2018; 1: e181915.
29) Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 2105-2120.
30) de Hollander EL, Bemelmans WJ, Boshuizen HC, et al.; WC elderly collaborators. The association between waist circumference and risk of mortality considering body mass index in 65- to 74-year-olds: a meta-analysis of 29 cohorts involving more than 58 000 elderly persons. Int J Epidemiol. 2012 ; 41 :805-817.
31) Lv YB, Liu S, Yin ZX, et al. Associations of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with 3-Year All-Cause Mortality Among the Oldest Old: Evidence from a Chinese Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018; 19: 672-678.
32) Cho GJ, Yoo HJ, Hwang SY, et al. Differential relationship between waist circumference and mortality according to age, sex, and body mass index in Korean with age of 30-90 years; a nationwide health insurance database study. BMC Med. 2018; 16: 131.
33) Saito I, Kokubo Y, Kiyohara Y, et al. Prospective Study on Waist Circumference and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Pooled Analysis of Japanese Community-Based Studies Circ J. 2012; 76: 2867-2874.
34) Lean ME, Han TS, Seidell JC. Impairment of health and quality of life in people with large waist circumference. Lancet. 1998; 351: 853-856.
35) Lisko I, Stenholm S, Raitanen J, et al. Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Physical Functioning: The Vitality 90+ Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015; 70: 885-891.
36) Yin Z, Shi X, Kraus VB, et al. Gender-dependent association of body mass index and waist circumference with disability in the Chinese oldest old. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014; 22: 1918-1925.
37) Yang M, Jiang J, Li H, Wu H, Dong B. Association between waist circumference and self-reported disability among Chinese adults aged 90 years and older. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015; 15: 1249–1257.
38) Danon-Hersch N, Fustinoni S, Bovet P, et al. Association between Adiposity and disability in the Lc65+ Cohort. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017; 21: 799–810.
39) Fernandes de Souza Barbosa J, Dos Santos Gomes C, Vilton Costa J, et al. Abdominal Obesity and Mobility Disability in Older Adults: A 4-Year Follow-Up the International Mobility in Aging Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018; 22: 1228- 1237.
40) Lisko I, Tiainen K, Raitanen J, et al. Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference as Predictors of Disability in Nonagenarians: The Vitality 90+ Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017; 72: 1569-1574.
41) Baumgartner RN. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 904: 437-448.
42) Zhang X, Xie X, Dou Q, et al. Association of sarcopenic obesity with the risk of all- cause mortality among adults over a broad range of different settings: a updated meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2019; 19: 183
43) Baumgartner RN, Wayne SJ, Waters DL, et al. Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes Res. 2004; 12: 1995-2004.
44) Hirani V, Naganathan V, Blyth F, et al. Longitudinal associations between body composition, sarcopenic obesity and outcomes of frailty, disability, institutionalisation and mortality in community-dwelling older men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Age Ageing. 2017; 46: 413-420.
45) Rossi AP, Bianchi L, Volpato S, et al. Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity as a Predictor of Worsening Disability, Hospitalization, and Mortality in Older Adults: Results From the InCHIANTI Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017; 72: 1098-1104.
46) Alexandre TDS, Scholes S, Santos JLF, de Oliveira C. Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Worse Trajectories of ADL Disability Among Older Adults: The ELSA Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019; 74: 1112- 1118.
47) De Stefani FDC, Pietraroia PS, Fernandes-Silva MM, et al. Observational Evidence for Unintentional Weight Loss in All-Cause Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 15447.
48) Park S-Y, Wilkens LR, Maskarinec G, et al. Weight Change in Older Adults and Mortality: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2018; 42: 205-212.
49) Cheng FW, Gao X, Jensen GL. Weight change and all-cause mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 34: 343-368.
50) Harrington M, Gibson S, Cottrell RC. A review and meta-analysis of the effect of weight loss on all-cause mortality risk. Nutr Res Rev. 2009; 22: 93-108.
51) Kritchevsky SB, Beavers KM, Miller ME, et al. Intentional weight loss and all- cause mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0121993.
52) Shea MK, Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, et al. The effect of randomization to weight loss on total mortality in older overweight and obese adults: the ADAPT Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010; 65: 519-525.
53) Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Lennon L. Reasons for intentional weight loss, unintentional weight loss, and mortality in older men. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165: 1035-1040.
54) Izawa S, Enoki H, Hirakawa Y, et al. The longitudinal change in anthropometric measurements and the association with physical function decline in Japanese community-dwelling frail elderly. Br J Nutr. 2010; 103: 289-294.
55) Ritchie CS, Locher JL, Roth DL, et al. Unintentional weight loss predicts decline in activities of daily living function and life-space mobility over 4 years among community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008; 63: 67-75.
56) LeBlanc ES, Rizzo JH, Pedula KL, et al. Long-Term Weight Trajectory and Risk of Hip Fracture, Falls, Impaired Physical Function, and Death. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018; 66: 1972–1979.
57) Villareal DT, Chode S, Parimi N, et al. Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364: 1218-1229.
58) Verlaan S, Ligthart-Melis GC, Wijers SLJ, et al. High Prevalence of Physical Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Malnourished Older Adults-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017; 18: 374-382.
59) Hubbard RE, Lang IA, Llewellyn DJ, Rockwood K. Frailty, body mass index, and abdominal obesity in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010; 65: 377-381.
60) Ferriolli E, Pessanha FPADS, Moreira VG, et al. Body composition and frailty profiles in Brazilian older people: Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study-FIBRA- BR. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017; 71: 99-104.
61) Stenholm S, Strandberg TE, Pitkälä K, et al. Midlife obesity and risk of frailty in old age during a 22-year follow-up in men and women: the Mini-Finland Follow-up Survey. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69: 73-78.
62) Han P, Kang L, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Sarcopenia in Suburb-dwelling Older Chinese Using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia Definition. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016; 71: 529-535.
63) Dodds RM, Granic A, Davies K, et al. Prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia in the very old: findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017; 8: 229-237.
64) Lee JS, Visser M, Tylavsky FA, et al. Weight loss and regain and effects on body composition: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010; 65: 78-83.
65) Batsis JA, Petersen CL, Crow RS, et al. Weight change and risk of the foundation of National Institute of Health Sarcopenia-defined low lean mass: Data from the National Health and Nutrition examination surveys 1999-2004 Clin Nutr. 2019 Nov 4;S0261-5614(19)33125-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.032. Online ahead of print.
66) Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, et al. Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training: a meta- analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96: 1454-1464
67) Puts MTE, Toubasi S, Andrew MK, et al. Interventions to prevent or reduce the level of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review of the literature and international policies. Age Ageing. 2017; 46: 383-392.
68) Kuzuya M, Ando F, Iguchi A, Shimokata H. Age-specific change of prevalence of metabolic syndrome: longitudinal observation of large Japanese cohort. Atherosclerosis. 2007; 191: 305–312.
69) Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, et al; DECODE Study Group. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 1066-1076
70) Ju SY, Lee JY, Kim DH. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96: e8491.
71) Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Dahl AA, Midthjell K. Metabolic syndrome and risk of mortality in middle-aged versus elderly individuals: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Diabetologia. 2009; 52: 583-590.
72) Zuliani G, Morieri ML, Volpato S, et al. Insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, but not metabolic syndrome phenotype, predict 9 years mortality in older adults. Atherosclerosis. 2014; 235: 538-545.
73) Sattar N, McConnachie A, Shaper AG, et al. Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome data from two prospective studies. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1927-1935.
74) van Herpt TT, Dehghan A, van Hoek M, et al. The clinical value of metabolic syndrome and risks of cardiometabolic events and mortality in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016; 15: 69.
75) Carriere I, Pérès K, Ancelin ML, et al. Metabolic syndrome and disability: findings from the prospective three-city study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69: 79- 86.
論文の公開元へ
