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Table 1 Primers for subgroups of Escherichia coli

Gene

Orientation

Primer sequence (5’ → 3’)

eaeA-new

eaeA-new

bfpB

bfpB

stx1

stx1

mMK2

mMK2

ST1a

St1a

ST1b

St1b

lt

lt

ipaH

ipaH

AACGGCTATTTCCGCATGAG

CACATAAGCMGGCAAAATAGCCTG

GACACCTCATTGCTGAAGTCG

GCCCAGAACACCTCCGTTAT

TATCTGGATTTAATGTCGCATAG

AGAACGCCCACTGAGATCATC

GAGTTTACGATAGACCTTTCGAC

GGCCACATATAAATTATTTTGCTC

GCAATTTTTATTTCTGTATTATCTT

GGATTACAACAAAGTTCACAG

TTTATTTTTCTTTCTGTATTGTCTT

GGATTACAACACAATTCACAG

CTATTACAGAACTATGTTCGGAATATC

GGGGGTTTTATTATTCCATACAC

GTTCCTTGACCGCCTTTCCGATACCGTC

GCCGGTCAGCCACCCTCTGAGRGTAC

Working

primer mix

MIX DEC A

MIX DEC B

Table 2 Characteristics of patients with diarrhea

<1

(N=643)

Age group

1-<5

(N=923)

≥5

(N=916)

Total

(N=2,482)

Sex

Male

381

59.3

523

56.7

388

42.4

1,292

52.1

Female

262

40.7

400

43.3

528

57.6

1,190

47.9

Central hospital

480

74.7

581

62.9

449

49.0

1,510

60.8

District hospital

108

16.8

240

26.0

317

34.6

665

26.8

Health center

55

8.6

102

11.1

150

16.4

307

12.4

Dry season

434

67.5

693

69.2

468

51.1

1541

62.1

Wet season

209

32.5

284

30.8

448

48.9

941

37.9

Negative

551

85.7

758

82.1

698

76.3

2,007

80.9

Single bacteria

66

10.3

115

12.5

173

18.9

354

14.3

Multiple bacteria

14

2.2

28

3.0

45

4.9

87

3.5

Bacteria + rotavirus

12

1.9

22

2.4

34

1.4

Negative

256

68.6

352

66.9

608

67.6

Positive

117

31.4

174

33.1

291

32.4

Equivocal

14

Not tested

264

389

916

1,569

Health facilitya

Seasonb

Bacterial entero-pathogen

Rotavirus

Central hospital includes Pediatric Hospital, Sethathirath Hospital, Mahosot Hospital and

Mittaphab Hospital, District hospital includes Sisattanak District Hospital, Hadtxayfong District

Hospital and Sikhottabong District Hospital, and health center is Ban-hom Health Center.

The dry season is from November to April and the wet season is from May to October.

Table 3 Single bacterial entero-pathogen of diarrhea in age groups

Entero-pathogen

Salmonella spp.

EPEC

EHEC

EIEC

ETEC. LT

ETEC. ST

Aeromonas spp.

Shigella spp.

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio cholera non 01/0139

Campylobacter spp.

<1

(N=66)

34

51.5

15

22.7

7.6

4.5

1.5

1.5

6.1

1.5

1.5

0.0

0.0

1.5

Age group

1-<5

(N=115)

23

20.0

29

25.2

4.3

10

8.7

11

9.6

7.8

7.8

16

13.9

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

≥5

(N=173)

36

20.8

20

11.6

4.0

1.2

1.2

1.7

46

26.6

18

10.4

25

14.5

11

6.4

1.7

0.0

Total

(N=354)

93

64

17

15

14

13

59

35

29

11

26.3

18.1

4.8

4.2

3.7

16.7

9.9

8.2

3.1

0.8

0.3

spp., species; EPEC, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia

coli; EIEC, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; ETEC. LT, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin; ETEC. ST, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.

Table 4 Seasonal variation of single bacterial entero-pathogen of diarrhea

Dry season

Wet season

Total

Salmonella spp.

50

23.7

43

30.1

93

26.3

EPEC

53

25.1

11

7.7

64

18.1

EHEC

16

7.6

0.7

17

4.8

EIEC

10

4.7

3.5

15

4.2

ETEC. LT

12

5.7

1.4

14

4.0

ETEC. ST

4.3

2.8

13

3.7

Aeromonas spp.

31

14.7

28

19.6

59

16.7

Shigella spp.

22

10.4

13

9.1

35

9.9

Plesiomonas shigelloides

1.9

25

17.5

29

8.2

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

0.9

6.3

11

3.1

Vibrio cholera non 01/0139

0.5

1.3

0.8

Campylobacter spp.

0.5

0.0

0.2

Total

211

100.0

143

100.0

354 100.0

The dry season is from November to April and the wet season is from May to October.

spp., species; EPEC, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia

coli; EIEC, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; ETEC. LT, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin; ETEC. ST, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.

Entero-pathogens

Table 5 Multiple bacterial pathogens of 87 patients with diarrhea

Salmonella spp.

EPEC

EHEC

EIEC

ETEC. LT

ETEC. ST

Aeromonas spp.

Shigella spp.

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Campylobacter spp.

EPEC + ETEC.LT

EPEC + ETEC.ST

EHEC + ETEC. LT

EHEC + ETEC. ST

EHEC + Salmonella spp.

ETEC. LT + ETEC. ST

ETEC. ST + Salmonella spp.

Salmonella spp. +

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Salmonella spp. +

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Plesiomonas shigelloides +

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Total

Salmonella spp.

23

EPEC

10

23

EHEC

12

EIEC

ETEC. LT

10

31

ETEC. ST

19

Aeromonas spp.

19

Shigella spp.

24

11

Plesiomonas

shigelloides

Vibrio

parahaemolyticus

Campylobacter spp.

spp., species; EPEC, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; EIEC, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli;

ETEC.LT, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin; ETEC. ST, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.

Table 6 Bacteria of coinfections with rotavirus among children under five years old

Age group

Total

Bacteria (+ rotavirus)

<1

1-<5

(N=34)

(N=12)

(N=22)

EPEC

12

EIEC

ETEC.LT

EHEC

EPEC + ETEC.LT

Salmonella spp.

Aeromonas spp.

Shigella spp.

Aeromonas spp. + Salmonella spp.

Campylobacter spp.

EPEC, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; EIEC, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; ETEC. LT,

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin; EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia

coli; spp., species.

...