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Table 1. Background of the study victims
Parameter
Age (years, mean ± SD)
Gender
Male
Female
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)
CPR duration
< 30 min
30-59 min
60-89 min
≧ 90 min
Location of the cardiac arrest
Home
Others
Using anticoagulants
Using antiosteoporosis medicines
n (%)
59.4 ± 21.7
57 (76.0)
18 (24.0)
23.0 ± 4.3
0 (0)
14 (18.7)
22 (29.3)
15 (20)
25 (33.3)
50 (66.7)
7 (9.3)
4 (5.3)
3 (4.0)
Kyphosis
Type of chest compression
Mechanical chest compression
10 (13.3)
Manual chest compression
65 (86.7)
11 (14.7)
Transient ROSC
Cause of death
Disease
40 (53.3)
External
35 (46.7)
BMI: body mass index, CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation
Table2 . Comparison with and without ROSC cases
Parameter
ROSC(+)
n (%)
ROSC(-)
n (%)
P-value
Age (years, mean ± SD)
58.0 ± 20.3
59.6 ± 21.7
0.82
0.30
Gender
Male
7 (63.6)
50 (78.1)
Female
4 (36.4)
14 (21.9)
22.5 ± 5.4
22.6 ± 4.1
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)
0.97
0.93
CPR duration
< 30min
0 (0)
0 (0)
30-59min
1 (9.1)
13 (20.3)
60-89min
1 (9.1)
21 (32.8)
≧ 90min
1 (9.1)
14 (21.9)
0.81
Location of the cardiac arrest
Home
4 (36.4)
21(32.8)
Others
7 (63.6)
43 (67.2)
Using anticoagulants
0 (0)
7 (10.9)
0.07
Using antiosteoporosis medicines
0 (0)
4 (6.2)
0.17
Kyphosis
0 (0)
3 (4.7)
0.24
0.65
Type of chest compression
Mechanical chest compression
Manual chest compression
1 (9.1)
9 (14.1)
10 (90.9)
55 (85.9)
0.22
Cause of death
Disease
4 (36.4)
36 (56.3)
External
7 (63.6)
28 (43.7)
0.09
MAIS
1(9.1)
22(34.4)
1(9.1)
4(6.2)
2(18.2)
9(14.1)
6(54.5)
28(43.7)
0(0)
1(1.6)
1(9.1)
0(0)
BMI: body mass index, CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation,
MAIS: Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale score
Table 3. Distribution of the CPR-induced injuries (except for skin injurries)
Injury
Rib fractures
n (%)
45 (60.0)
≦3
35 (46.7)
<3
10 (13.3)
Sternal fractures
28 (37.3)
Lung contusion
2 (2.7)
Mediastinal haematoma
4 (2.7)
Aortic injury
4 (5.3)
Aortic dissection
Adventitial injury
Heart injury
Myocardial contusion
2 (2.7)
2 (2.7)
16 (21.3)
12 (16.0)
Rupture of heart
1 (1.3)
Endocardial injury
1 (1.3)
Epicardial injury
2 (2.7)
Liver injury
6 (8.0)
Table 4. Comparison of the backgrounds of the victims between having CPR-induced injuries and not
Parameter
Age (years, mean ± SD)
Injuries
n (%)
No injuries
n (%)
P-value
67.8 ± 15.7
40.4 ± 21.5
< 0.001
< 0.001
Gender
Male
34 (65.4)
23 (100)
Female
18 (34.6)
0 (0)
22.3 ± 4.4
23.1 ± 4.1
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)
0.46
0.63
CPR duration
< 30min
0 (0)
0 (0)
30-59min
12 (23.1)
2 (8.7)
60-89min
16 (30.8)
6 (26.1)
≧ 90min
11 (21.2)
4 (17.4)
0.72
Location of the cardiac arrest
Home
18 (34.6)
7 (30.4)
Others
34 (65.4)
16 (69.6)
Using anticoagulants
7 (13.5)
0 (0)
0.07
Using antiosteoporosis medicines
4 (7.7)
0 (0)
0.17
Kyphosis
3 (5.8)
0 (0)
0.24
0.96
Type of chest compression
Mechanical chest compression
7 (13.5)
3 (13.0)
Manual chest compression
45 (86.5)
20 (87.0)
10 (19.2)
1 (4.3)
Transient ROSC
0.09
0.70
Cause of death
Disease
26 (50.0)
14 (60.9)
External
26 (50.0)
9 (39.1)
BMI: body mass index, CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation
Table 5. Result of the multivariable logistic regression analysis for CPR-induced injuries as a dependent variable
Parameter
Odds ratio
95% Confidence interval
P-value
Age
1.07
1.03-1.11
< 0.001
Gender
> 100
0.99
Using anticoagulants
> 100
0.99
Transient ROSC
13.63
0.96-193.38
0.05
ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation
Table 6. Comparison of the backgrounds of the victims between having CPR-induced serious injuries or not
AIS3 ≧
AIS2 ≦
Parameter
P-value
n (%)
n (%)
Age (years, mean ± SD)
73.3 ± 10.9
46.5 ± 21.2
< 0.001
0.004
Gender
Male
Female
BMI (kg/m , mean ± SD)
22 (61.1)
35 (89.7)
14 (38.9)
4 (10.3)
22.0 ± 4.6
23.1 ± 4.0
0.30
0.61
CPR duration
< 30min
0 (0)
0 (0)
30-59min
9 (25.0)
5 (12.8)
60-89min
13 (36.1)
9 (23.1)
≧ 90min
7 (19.4)
8 (20.5)
0.05
Location
Home
16 (44.4)
9 (23.1)
Others
20 (55.6)
30 (76.9)
Using anticoagulants
6 (16.7)
1 (2.6)
0.04
Using antiosteoporosis medicines
4 (11.1)
0 (0)
0.03
Kyphosis
3 (8.3)
0 (0)
0.07
0.89
Type of chest cpmression
Mechanical chest compression
5 (13.9)
5 (12.8)
Manual chest compression
31 (86.1)
34 (87.2)
7 (19.4)
4 (10.3)
Transient ROSC
0.26
0.63
Cause of death
Desease
20 (55.6)
20 (51.3)
External
16 ( 44.4)
19 (48.7 )
AIS: Abbreviated Injury Scale score, BMI: body mass index, CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC: return of
spontaneous circulation
Table 7. Result of a multivariable logistic regression analysis for CPR-induced serious injuries as a dependent variable
Parameter
Odds ratio
95% Confidence interval
P-value
Age
1.09
1.04-1.13
< 0.001
Gender
1.85
0.37-9.30
0.45
Location
0.26
0.06-1.19
0.08
Using anticoagulants
1.96
0.16-24.21
0.60
Using antiosteoporosis medicines
> 100
0.99
Kyphosis
> 100
0.99
...
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