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Experimental study of discrete symmetry in a compound nucleus using polarized neutrons

山本, 知樹 名古屋大学

2021.06.23

概要

今日の物質優勢宇宙の存在は素粒子標準模型によるCP対称性の破れのみでは十分に説明することが困難であり,未知のCP対称性の破れの存在を強く示唆している.高エネルギー加速器実験による直接探索や,CPT定理を通じた低エネルギー領域における時間反転対称性の破れ探索が進められている.複合核反応では時間反転対称性の破れが増幅される可能性が指摘されており,これを利用した新たな時間反転対称性の破れ探索計画が進行中である.

複合核反応では空間反転対称性の破れが核子核子散乱のものと比較して最大で106倍も増幅されていることが確認されている.これは複合核反応において異なるパリティを持つs波振幅およびp波振幅の干渉に起因するものであると理解されている.さらに,この部分波干渉による対称性の破れ増幅機構を拡張すると時間反転対称性の破れも同様にして増幅しうることが指摘されている.この機構においては複合核反応における時間反転対称性の破れの増幅度は複合核反応の入口チャネルの境界条件によって記述できる.先行研究において非偏極中性子を用いた139La(n,γ)反応における放出γ線の角度分布の測定により入口チャネルの境界条件であるp波部分幅のp1/2およびp3/2の部分振幅比に対して二つの領域として制限を与えた.本研究では上記の制限領域を一意に絞りこむために入射中性子を偏極させ139La(n,γ)反応における放出γ線強度の左右非対称性を測定した.

J-PARCの大強度パルス中性子ビームをスピン交換光ポンピング法により偏極させた3Heガスセルに透過させることで偏極させ,原子核標的まで偏極を輸送した.標的周辺部における磁場の空間的非一様性に起因する偏極緩和を避けるために周辺磁場環境を考慮した有限要素法解析により設計した偏極輸送装置群の導入によって上記の偏極輸送を実現した.またゲルマニウム検出器を用いることで複合核緩和の終状態を140Laの基底状態に制限した.偏極中性子による139La(n,γ)反応における放出γ線強度の左右非対称性測定の結果,p波共鳴から140Laの基底状態への遷移において有意な左右非対称度を得た.

この結果を用いてp波部分幅のp1/2およびp3/2の部分振幅比の制限領域を一意に絞り込んだ.そして複合核における時間反転対称性の破れの増幅度の最尤値を決定し,時間反転対称性の破れに対する実験感度および実験に際する装置に対する要求性能について定量的に論じた.

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