1. Butler AE, Janson J, Bonner-Weir S, Ritzel R, Rizza RA, Butler PC. Beta-Cell Deficit and Increased Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes (2003) 52:102–10. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.52.1.102
2. Rieck S, Kaestner KH. Expansion of b-Cell Mass in Response to Pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol Metab (2010) 21:151–8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.11.001
3. Moffett RC, Vasu S, Thorens B, Drucker DJ, Flatt PR. Incretion Receptor Null Mice Reveal Key Role of GLP-1 But Not GIP in Pancreatic Beta Cell Adaptation to Pregnancy. PLos One (2014) 9:e96863. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0096863
4. Kim H, Toyofuku Y, Lynn FC, Chak E, Uchida T, Mizukami H, et al. Serotonin Regulates Pancreatic Beta Cell Mass During Pregnancy. Nat Med (2010) 16:804–8. doi: 10.1038/nm.2173
5. Togashi Y, Shirakawa J, Orime K, Kaji M, Sakamoto E, Tajima K, et al. BetaCell Proliferation After a Partial Pancreatectomy is Independent of IRS-2 in Mice. Endocrinology (2014) 155:1643–52. doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1796
6. Tokumoto S, Yabe D, Tatsuoka H, Usui R, Fauzi M, Botagarova A, et al. Generation and Characterization of a Novel Mouse Model That Allows Satiotempral Quantification of Pancreatic b-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes (2020) 69:2340–51. doi: 10.2337/db20-0290
7. Rhodes CJ. Type 2 Diabetes-a Matter of b-Cell Life and Death? Science (2005) 307:380–4. doi: 10.1126/science.1104345
8. Saisho Y, Butler AE, Manesso E, Elashoff D, Rizza RA, Butler PC. Beta-Cell Mass and Turnover in Humans. Diabetes Care (2013) 36:111–7. doi: 10.2337/ dc12-0421
9. Murakami T, Fujimoto H, Inagaki N. Non-Invasive Beta-Cell Imaging: Visualization, Quantification, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (2021) 12:714348. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.714348
10. Souza F, Simpson N, Raffo A, Saxena C, Maffei A, Hardy M, et al. Longitudinal Noninvasive PET-Based b Cell Mass Estimates in a Spontaneous Diabetes Rat Model. J Clin Invest (2006) 116:1506–13. doi: 10.1172/JCI27645
11. Brom M, Woliner-van der Weg W, Joosten L, Frielik L, Bouckenooghe T, Rijiken P, et al. Non-Invasive Quantification of the Beta Cell Mass by SPECT With 111In-Labeled Exendin. Diabetologia (2014) 57:950–9. doi: 10.1007/ s00125-014-3166-3
12. Brom M, Joosten L, Frielink C, Boerman O, Gotthardt M. (111)in-Exendin Uptake in the Pancreas Correlates With the b-Cell Mass and Not With the aCell Mass. Diabetes (2015) 64:1324–8. doi: 10.2337/db14-1212
13. Murakami T, Fujimoto H, Hamamatsu K, Yamauchi Y, Kodama Y, Fujita N, et al. Distinctive Detection of Insulinoma Using [18F]FB(ePEG12)12-Exendin-4 PET/CT. Sci Rep (2021) 11:15014. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94595-6
14. Fujimoto H, Fujita N, Hamamatsu K, Murakami T, Nakamoto Y, Saga T, et al. First-In-Human Evaluation of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography With [18F]FB(ePEG12)12-Exendin-4:A Phase 1 Clinical Study Targeting GLP-1 Receptor Expression Cells in Pancreas. Front Endocrinol (2021) 12:717101. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.717101
15. Eriksson O, Velikyan I, Haack T, Bossart M, Laitinen I, Larsen PJ, et al. Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Imaging in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. J Nucl Med (2022) 63:794–800. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262506
16. Kimura H, Fujita N, Kanbe K, Matsuda H, Watanabe H, Arimitsu K, et al. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an 111In-Labeled Exendin-4 Derivative as a Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Probe for Imaging Pancreatic b-Cells. Bioorg Med Chem (2017) 25:5772–8. doi: 10.1016/ j.bmc.2017.09.005
17. Hamamatsu K, Fujimoto H, Fujita N, Murakami T, Kimura T, Saji H, et al. Establishment of a Method for In-Vivo SPECT/CT Imaging Analysis of 111InLabeled Exendin-4 Pancreatic Uptake in Mice Without the Need for Nephrectomy or a Secondary Probe. Nucl Med Biol (2018) 64-65:22–7. doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.06.002
18. Fujita N, Fujimoto H, Hamamatsu K, Murakami T, Kimura H, Toyoda K, et al. Noninvasive Longitudinal Quantification of b-Cell Mass With 111InLabeled Exendin-4. FASEB J (2019) 33:11836–44. doi: 10.1096/ fj.201900555RR
19. Hamamatsu K, Fujimoto H, Fujita N, Murakami T, Shiotani M, Toyoda K, et al. Investigation of the Preservation Effect of Canagliflozin on Pancreatic Beta Cell Mass Using SPECT/CT Imaging With 111In-Labeled Exendin-4. Sci Rep (2019) 9:18338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54722-w
20. Murakami T, Fujimoto H, Fujita N, Hamamatsu K, Matsumoto K, Inagaki N. Noninvasive Evaluation of GPR119 Agonist Effects on b-Cell Mass in Diabetic Male Mice Using 111In-Exendin-4 SPECT/CT. Endocrinology (2019) 160:2959–68. doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00556
21. Murakami T, Fujimoto H, Fujita N, Hamamatsu K, Yabe D, Inagaki N. Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor-Targeted Imaging Probe With In Vivo Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Glucose-Lowering Effects. J Diabetes Investig (2020) 11:1448–56. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13281
22. Kieffer TJ. Gastro-Intestinal Hormones GIP and GLP-1. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) (2004) 65:13–21. doi: 10.1016/S0003-4266(04)95625-9
23. Seino Y, Yabe D. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: Incretin Actions Beyond the Pancreas. J Diabetes Investig (2013) 4:108–30. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12065
24. Iwasaki K, Harada N, Sasaki K, Yamane S, Iida K, Suzuki K, et al. Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 is Highly Expressed in Enteroendocrine K Cells of the Upper Small Intestine and has a Critical Role in GIP Secretion After Fat Ingestion. Endocrinology (2015) 156:837–46. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1653
25. Harada N, Hamasaki A, Yamane S, Muraoka A, Joo E, Fujita K, et al. Plasma Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels After Glucose Loading are Associated With Different Factors in Japanese Subjects. J Diabetes Investig (2011) 2:193–9. doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00078.x
26. Murata Y, Harada N, Yamane S, Iwasaki K, Ikeguchi E, Kanemaru Y, et al. Medium-Chain Triglyceride Diet Stimulates Less GIP Secretion and Suppresses Body Weight and Fat Mass Gain Compared With Long-Chain Triglyceride Diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (2019) 317:E53–64. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00200.2018
27. Murata Y, Harada N, Kishino S, Iwasaki K, Ikeguchi-Ogura E, Yamane S, et al. Medium-Chain Triglycerides Inhibit Long-Chain Triglyceride-Induced GIP Secretion Through GPR120-Dependent Inhibition of CCK. iScience (2021) 24:102963. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102963
28. Pamir N, Lynn FC, Buchan AMJ, Ehses J, Hinke SA, Pospisilik JA, et al. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Null Mice Exhibit Compensatory Changes in the Enteroinsular Axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (2003) 284:E931–9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00270.2002
29. Campbell JE, Ussher JR, Mulvihill EE, Kolic J, Baggio LL, Cao X, et al. TCF1 Links GIPR Signaling to the Control of Beta Cell Function and Survival. Nat Med (2016) 22:84–90. doi: 10.1038/nm.3997
30. Moffett RC, Vasu S, Flatt PR. Functional GIP Receptors Play a Major Role in Islet Compensatory Response to High Fat Feeding in Mice. Biochim Biophys Acta (2015) 1850:1206–14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.006
31. Nasteska D, Harada N, Suzuki K, Yamane S, Hamasaki A, Joo E, et al. Chronic Reduction of GIP Secretion Alleviates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Under High-Fat Diet Conditions. Diabetes (2014) 63:2332–43. doi: 10.2337/db13-1563
32. Suzuki K, Harada N, Yamane S, Nakamura Y, Sasaki K, Nasteska D, et al. Transcriptional Regulatory Factor X6 (Rfx6) Increases Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) Expression in Enteroendocrine K-Cells and is Involved in GIP Hypersecretion in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. J Biol Chem (2013) 288:1929–38. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.423137
33. Kanemaru Y, Harada N, Shimazu-Kuwahara S, Yamane S, Ikeguchi E, Murata Y, et al. Absence of GIP Secretion Alleviates Age-Related Obesity and Insulin Resistance. J Endcrinol (2020) 245:13–20. doi: 10.1530/JOE-19-0477
34. Ehses JA, Casilla VR, Doty T, Pospisilik JA, Winter KD, Demuth HU, et al. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Promotes b-(INS-1) Cell Survival via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Mediated Caspase-3 Inhibition and Regulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase. Endocrinology (2003) 144:4433–45. doi: 10.1210/en.2002-0068
35. Widenmaier SB, Ao Z, Kim SJ, Warnock G, Mclntosh CH. Suppression of p38 MAPK and JNK via Akt-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Constitutes a Core Component of the b-Cell Pro-Survival Effects of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide. J Biol Chem (2009) 284:30372–82. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.060178
36. Widenmaier SB, Kim SJ, Yang GK, Reyes TDL, Nian C, Asadi A, et al. A GIP Receptor Agonist Exhibits b-Cell Anti-Apoptotic Actions in Rat Models of Diabetes Resulting in Improved b-Cell Function and Glycemic Control. PLos One (2010) 5:e9590. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009590