260
[1] J.P. Dubey, Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
261
Florida. 1–313, (2010).
262
[2] S.P. Asthana, C.N. Macpherson, S.H. Weiss, R. Stephens, T.N. Denny, R.N. Sharma, J.P.
263
Dubey, Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and cats Grenada, West
264
Indies. J. Parasitol. 92 (2006) 644-645.
265
266
267
268
[3] J.P. Dubey, J.L. Jones Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United
States, Int. J. Parasitol. 38 (2008) 1257-1278.
[4] A.M. Tenter, A.R. Heckeroth, L.M. Weiss, Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans,
Int. J. Parasitol. 30 (2000) 1217–1258.
269
[5] D. Buxton, Toxoplasmosis: a review. J. Roy. Soc. Med. 83 (1990) 509-511.
270
[6] J.P. Dubey, Toxoplasmosis in sheep-The last 20 years. Vet. Parasitol. 163 (2009) 1-14.
271
[7] B. Tumurjav, M.A. Terkawi, H. Zhang, G. Zhang, H. Jia, Y.K. Goo, J. Yamagishi, Y.
272
Nishikawa, I. Igarashi, C. Sugimoto, X. Xuan, Serodiagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis in
273
Mongolia by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant Toxoplasma
274
gondii matrix antigen 1, Japan. J. Vet. Res. 58 (2010) 111-119.
275
[8] M. Brown, M.R. Lappin, L.J. Brown, B. Munkhtsog, F.W. Swanson, Exploring the
276
ecological basis for extreme susceptibility of Pallas’ cats (Octolobus Manul) to fatal
277
Toxoplasmosis, J. Wildl. Dis. 41 (2005) 691-700.
278
[9] B. Pagmadulam, P. Myagmarsuren, R.M. Fereig, M. Igarashi, N. Yokoyama, B. Battsetseg,
279
Y. Nishikawa, Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in
280
cattle in Mongolia, Vet. Parasitol: Reg. Stud. Rep. 14 (2018) 11-17.
13
281
[10] M.A. Terkawi, K. Kameyama, N.H. Rasul, X. Xuan, Y. Nishikawa, Development of an
282
immunochromatographic assay based on dense granule protein 7 for serological detection
283
of Toxoplasma gondii infection, Clin. Vaccine. Immunol. 20 (2013) 596–601.
284
[11]Mongolian
Statistical
Information
Service,
285
https://www.1212.mn/stat.aspx?LIST_ID=976_L10_1, 2018 (Accessed 15 February
286
2019).
287
288
289
290
[12] National Statistics Office of Mongolia, http://mofa.gov.mn/exp/blog/7/3#, 2017
(Accessed 4 July 2018).
[13] Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of food-borne parasites, FAO/WHO,
Microbiological Risk Assessment Series, www.fao.org, 2014.
291
[14] M. Ichikawa-Seki, A. Guswanto, P. Allamanda, E.S. Mariamah, P.E. Wibowo, I. Igarashi,
292
Y. Nishikawa, Seroprevalence of antibody to TgGRA7 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in
293
livestock animals from western Jawa, Indonesia, Parasitol. Int. 64 (2015) 484-486.
294
[15] R.M. Fereig, H.Y.A.H. Mahmoud, S.G.A. Mohamed, M.R. AbouLaila, A. Abdel-Wahab,
295
S.A. Osman, S.A. Zidan, S.A. El-Khodary, A.E.A. Mohamed, Y. Nishikawa,
296
Seroprevalence and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in farm animals in different
297
regions of Egypt. Vet. Parasitol: Reg. Stud. Rep. 3–4 (2016) 1–6.
298
[16] N. Tzanidakis, P. Maksimov, F.J. Conraths, E. Kiossis, C. Brozos, S. Sotiraki, G. Schares,
299
Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats: Seroprevalence and potential risk factors under
300
dairy husbandry practices, Vet. Parasitol. 190 (2010) 40-348.
301
302
[17] D. Hill, J.P. Dubey, Toxoplasma gondii as a parasite in food, Analysis and control,
Microbiol. Spect. 4 (2016).
14
303
[18] E. Iacobucci, N. S. Taus, M. W. Ueti, L. Sukhbaatar, Z. Bastsukh, S. Papageorgiou, H.
304
Fritz, Detection and genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii DNA within the
305
milk of Mongolian livestock, Parasitol. Res. (2019) 1-4.
306
307
[19] G. Hide, Role of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in prevalence of infection,
Expert. Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. 14 (2016) 335–344.
308
[20] H. Dong, R. Su, Y. Lu, M. Wang, J. Liu, F. Jian, Y. Yang, Prevalence, risk factors, and
309
genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in food animals and humans (2000-2017) from China,
310
Front. Microbiol. 9 (2018) 2108.
311
[21] E.A. Shuralev, N.D. Shamaev, M.N. Mukminov, K. Nagamune, Y. Taniguchi, T. Saito,
312
K. Kitoh, M.I. Arleevskaya, A.Y. Fedetova, D.R. Abdilmanova, N.M. Aleksandrova, M.A.
313
Efimova, A.I. Yarullin, A.R. Valeeva, K.S. Khaertynov, Y. Takashima, Toxoplasma
314
gondii seroprevalence in goat, cats and humans in Russia, Parsitol. Int. 67 (2017)112-114.
315
[22] J.L. Jones, D. Kruszon-Moran, M. Wilson, G. McQuillan, T. Navin, J.B. McAuley
316
Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the United States: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors, Am.
317
J. Epidemiol. 154 (2001) 357–365.
318
[23] A.L. Gazzonis, F. Veronesi, A.R. Di Cerbo, S.A. Zanzani, G. Molineri, I. Moretta, A.
319
Moretti, D.P. Fioretti, A. Invernizzi, M.T. Manfred, Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants
320
in Northern Italy-prevalence and risk factors, Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 22 (2015) 62-68.
321
[24] F.J.R. Magalhaes, M. Ribeiro-Andrade, A.M. De Alcantara, J.W. Pinheiro Júnior, M.J. De
322
Sena, W.J.N. Porto, R.F. Rafael Da Costa Vieira, R.A. Mota, Risk factors for Toxoplasma
323
gondii infection in sheep and cattle from Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil, Braz. J. Vet.
324
Parasitol. 25 (2016) 511-515.
15
325
326
327
328
329
330
[25] B.C. Walton, I. Arjona, B.M. Benchoff, Relationship of Toxoplasma antibodies to altitude,
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 15 (1966) 492–5.
[26] National Agency Meteorology and the Environmental monitoring, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
http://tsag-agaar.gov.mn/eng/atmosphere/ (Accessed 22 April 2019).
[27] F. Robert-Gangneuxa, M-L. Dardé, Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for
Toxoplasmosis, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 25 (2012) 264 –296.
331
[28] E.L. Clark, J. Munkhbat, S. Dulamtseren, J.E.M. Baillie, N. Batsaikhan, R. Samiya, M.
332
Stubbe, Mongolian Red List of Mammals. Regional Red List Series Vol. 1. Zoological
333
Society of London, London. (in English and Mongolian), (2006) 94-100.
334
335
[29] Report of national statistics office of Mongolia, Introduction of agricultural sector, (2018)
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
336
16
337
Figure legends
338
Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of T. gondii in Mongolian goats included in this study.
339
Infection rates are indicated as follows: white 0%–30%, gray 30.1%–50%, and light blue
340
>50%.
341
342
Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of T. gondii in Mongolian sheep included in this study.
343
Infection rates are indicated as follows: white 0%–30%, gray 30.1%–50%, and light blue
344
>50%.
345
17
Figure 1
Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure 1_revised.tif
Figure 2
Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure 2_revised.tif
Table 1
Click here to access/download
Table
Table 1.docx
Table 2
Click here to access/download
Table
Table 2.docx
Table 3
Click here to access/download
Table
Table 3.docx
Table 4
Click here to access/download
Table
Table 4.docx
...