1 National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention: Miyagi
Prefecture Offshore Earthquake Disaster Survey Report in 1978; 1978.
2 Ministry of Construction, Building Research Institute: Kobe Earthquake
Damage Survey Final Report in 1996; 1996.
3 Kato B, Tanuma Y, Morita K. Research on the brace joints of steel angle
with high strength bolts. Trans Archit Inst Jpn. 1983;3(325):32-39. (in Japanese). doi:10.3130/aijsaxx.325.0_32
4 Kato B, Morita K, Tanuma T. Experimental studies on the strength of braceto-gusset plate connections with high strength bolts. Pacific Structural Steel
Conference 1st, 1985;23-37.
5 Architectural Institute of Japan: AIJ Recommendation for Design of Connections in Steel Structures; 2012. (in Japanese).
6 Architectural Institute of Japan: Recommendation for the Design and Fabrication of Light Weight Steel Structures; 2002. (in Japanese).
7 Architectural Institute of Japan: Guidebook on Design and Fabrication of
High Strength Bolted Connections; 2016.
8 Munse WH, Chesson E. Riveted and bolted joints: net section design. J
Struct Div. 1963;89(1):107-126. doi:10.1061/JSDEAG.0000869
9 Pan CL. Prediction of the strength of bolted cold-formed channel sections in
tension. J Thin-Walled Struct. 2004;42(8):1177-1198. doi:10.1016/j.tws.2004.
02.001
10 Teh LH, Gilbert BP. Net section tension capacity of bolted connections in
cold-reduced steel sheets. J Struct Eng. 2013;139(3):740-747. doi:10.1061/
(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000477
11 Teh LH, Gilbert BP. Net section tension capacity of cold-reduced sheet steel
angle braces bolted at one leg. J Struct Eng. 2012;138(3):740-747. doi:10.
1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000675
Appendix A: List of Test Specimens and Coupon Test
Results
Table A1 summarizes the results of the coupon tests described
in Section 2, and Table A2 summarizes the specimens for the
brace connection tensile tests performed in this study. The M
tags in Table A1 correspond to the specimens presented in
Table A2. The members in the Size column of Table A2 are
the cross-sectional shapes used for the test specimens, where L
stands for angle member, C for channel member, and FB for a
flat plate. Table A3 lists the test specimens from previous
studies.4,13–17 The ultimate strength Pu,b,c determined by the
TABLE A1 Material properties
M tag.
E [GPa]
σy [MPa]
σu [MPa]
Y.R. [%]
εu [%]
εf [%]
1.6
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.5
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
160
173
209
206
183
205
186
202
212
206
216
205
158
157
282
312
188
339
203
217
301
310
332
307
294
293
440
430
302
470
319
340
453
455
457
454
54.1
53.6
64.1
72.6
62.3
73.4
63.6
63.8
66.4
68.1
72.6
67.6
36.2
34.2
24.7
35.3
30.4
23.0
35.4
27.5
21.5
26.4
34.3
22.8
41.3
43.8
32.8
38.7
44.4
32.4
41.1
30.2
24.3
29.3
38.0
33.4
Note: M tag in this table corresponds to M tag in Table A2.
Jpn Archit Rev | 2023 | 12
24758876, 2023, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2475-8876.12409 by Cochrane Japan, Wiley Online Library on [09/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
NAGASATO
NAGASATO
ET AL.
TABLE A2 List of specimens and test results in this study
No.
Size
tag
[mm]
e1
[mm]
e2
[mm]
tGP
[mm]
[mm]
[]
[mm]
[mm]
Py,e
[kN]
Pu,b,c
[kN]
Pu,e
[kN]
δu
[mm]
Jm
[]
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
L-50 × 50 × 1.6
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 3.2
L-50 × 50 × 4.0※
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 50 × 6.0※
L-50 × 50 × 8.0※
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 4.0※
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 50 × 6.0※
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 4.0※
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 50 × 6.0※
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 4.0※
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 50 × 6.0※
L-50 × 75 × 2.3
L-50 × 25 × 2.3
L-50 × 25 × 4.0※
L-50 × 25 × 4.5
L-50 × 25 × 6.0※
L-50 × 20 × 1.6
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 4.0
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 50 × 6.0※
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 4.0※
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 50 × 6.0※
C-50 × 30 × 1.6
C-50 × 30 × 2.3
C-50 × 30 × 10 × 1.6
FB-50 × 2.3
FB-50 × 6.0
L-100 × 100 × 2.3
L-80 × 80 × 2.3
L-100 × 100 × 6.0
L-80 × 80 × 6.0
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 4.5
L-50 × 80 × 2.3
L-50 × 100 × 2.3
L-80 × 100 × 2.3
L-100 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 100 × 6.0
L-100 × 50 × 6.0
L-80 × 80 × 2.3
L-100 × 100 × 2.3
L-100 × 100 × 2.3
L-100 × 100 × 6.0
L-80 × 80 × 6.0
L-100 × 100 × 2.3
L-100 × 100 × 6.0
L-80 × 80 × 2.3
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
380
380
380
380
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
800
800
800
800
800
800
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
50
40
50
40
25
25
25
25
40
50
25
50
40
50
50
50
40
50
50
40
3.2
4.5
6.0
9.0
9.0
12
16
4.5
9.0
9.0
12
4.5
9.0
9.0
12
9.0
19
19
25
4.5
4.5
9.0
9.0
12
3.2
4.5
9.0
9.0
12
4.5
9.0
9.0
12
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
12
12
16
16
9.0
9.0
12
12
12
16
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
13
13
13
13
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
13
13
17
17
17
17
17
17
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
80
80
80
80
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
40
40
40
40
40
40
23.3
33.6
50.3
83.7
74.5
126.9
163.0
40.0
104.1
86.5
160.3
39.6
99.4
86.8
161.0
35.3
87.6
78.1
134.5
31.3
78.6
66.9
121.0
20.8
37.3
94.0
79.6
136.8
35.2
87.6
78.1
134.6
24.5
44.3
33.2
12.4
61.0
80.0
69.6
207.8
187.6
48.2
82.2
50.1
54.7
70.9
72.6
147.0
203.6
69.0
78.8
53.9
146.0
143.4
61.6
194.0
58.6
33.6
48.2
69.1
134.4
102.6
194.3
259.7
75.1
209.6
160.1
303.1
75.1
209.6
160.1
303.1
48.2
134.4
102.6
194.3
48.2
48.2
134.4
102.6
194.3
33.6
49.5
138.2
105.5
199.8
48.2
134.4
102.6
194.3
51.7
74.1
51.7
74.1
299.0
97.7
87.5
263.4
236.1
72.4
109.4
72.4
72.4
87.5
97.7
195.2
263.4
89.6
99.7
77.4
208.8
181.5
80.6
223.5
70.7
29.3
42.1
61.5
105.1
91.3
157.6
204.1
48.9
123.9
100.4
184.1
48.6
123.1
100.8
185.5
42.8
108.3
93.0
163.8
44.0
37.5
94.2
76.4
137.5
25.2
46.1
115.2
95.4
173.3
42.8
108.3
93.0
163.8
41.9
60.9
48.3
26.4
92.2
94.6
83.1
248.1
226.2
59.5
98.4
61.7
63.6
83.2
89.4
175.6
246.7
82.6
92.1
65.7
171.5
170.0
72.6
224.2
67.4
31.21
28.27
26.47
16.32
26.79
21.98
21.44
37.62
21.45
30.00
36.57
43.74
18.21
32.94
37.33
29.86
15.61
22.59
18.33
28.19
38.92
13.58
25.35
33.75
38.13
36.92
22.31
29.86
29.46
27.66
18.09
23.17
20.36
19.87
18.23
21.16
15.61
13.68
29.82
23.84
28.12
24.43
14.25
19.66
15.27
14.73
25.09
30.71
18.10
33.41
26.59
28.59
19.87
18.23
21.16
22.74
31.75
22.07
0.772
0.797
0.805
0.776
0.825
0.798
0.802
0.907
0.901
0.906
0.931
0.902
0.895
0.916
0.935
0.795
0.798
0.841
0.827
0.621
0.999
1.007
0.999
1.017
1.047
0.816
0.802
0.819
0.835
0.795
0.805
0.841
0.831
0.994
1.024
0.961
1.191
1.050
0.507
0.572
0.528
0.627
0.729
0.852
0.543
0.472
0.502
0.666
0.519
0.731
0.552
0.482
0.353
0.365
0.472
0.420
0.459
0.499
Jpn Archit Rev | 2023 | 13
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wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jar3
ET AL.
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jar3
Table A2 (Continued)
No.
Size
tag
[mm]
e1
[mm]
e2
[mm]
tGP
[mm]
[mm]
[]
[mm]
59
60
61
L-80 × 80 × 6.0
L-50 × 50 × 2.3
L-50 × 50 × 6.0
800
800
800
40
40
40
40
25
25
16
9.0
9.0
17
17
17
40
40
40
[mm]
Py,e
[kN]
Pu,b,c
[kN]
Pu,e
[kN]
δu
[mm]
Jm
[]
40
40
40
179.9
42.6
120.7
196.1
55.9
154.9
210.6
51.1
142.1
26.12
13.68
18.72
0.556
0.658
0.667
Note: Names without ※ represent cold-formed members. Names with ※ represent specimens made by hot roll. M tag in Table A2 corresponds to
M tag in Table A1.
TABLE A3 List of specimens and test results from previous studies
Ref.
No.
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
13
13
13
13
50
50
65
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
100
100
75
75
75
75
50
50
65
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
100
100
40
40
40
40
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.0
7.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
e1
[mm]
e2
[mm]
[mm]
[]
[mm]
ex
[mm]
ey
[mm]
σy
[MPa]
σu
[MPa]
Pu,e
[kN]
Pu,e/Pu,c
[]
Jm
[]
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
35
35
35
40
40
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
60
40
40
40
40
40
40
35
35
55
40
40
40
25
22
33
33
38
43
43
33
38
43
43
41
41
41
38
38
40
50
60
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
40
48
48
48
48
48
60
60
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
14
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
22
22
22
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
26
26
24
24
24
24
24
24
22
22
18
18
18
18
40
40
40
40
40
50
60
40
40
50
60
50
50
50
55
55
50
50
50
50
50
65
80
50
50
55
55
70
55
55
60
60
90
120
240
55
55
55
55
70
90
50
65
55
50
50
50
12.1
12.7
16.4
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.8
19.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
25.3
25.3
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.1
16.4
16.4
24.0
18.9
12.6
12.6
24.0
18.9
12.6
12.6
15.4
15.4
15.4
19.8
19.8
28.5
17.1
5.6
28.5
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.3
17.3
17.3
17.3
17.3
17.3
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
27.7
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
14.0
14.0
361
348
339
301
301
301
317
301
301
301
301
301
301
305
301
301
359
357
357
314
359
357
359
359
357
359
359
357
357
314
359
357
357
325
325
320
320
320
320
320
320
348
348
321
321
321
321
489
477
473
451
451
451
458
451
451
451
451
451
451
428
451
451
504
504
504
460
504
504
504
504
504
504
504
504
504
460
504
504
504
449
449
474
474
474
474
474
474
497
497
452
452
452
452
194
197
271
265
276
314
323
238
263
307
309
305
294
245
297
266
380
441
472
367
427
456
465
450
458
470
436
464
466
368
471
408
448
415
427
559
627
570
591
603
613
509
493
334
357
369
368
0.98
1.08
1.06
0.91
0.95
1.08
1.10
0.87
0.96
1.12
1.13
1.09
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.19
0.84
0.97
1.04
0.94
1.00
1.06
1.09
1.05
1.03
1.05
1.04
1.10
1.11
1.11
1.14
1.13
1.24
1.29
1.62
0.95
1.07
1.03
1.07
1.09
1.11
1.00
1.03
1.50
1.33
1.14
1.08
0.83
0.91
0.90
0.78
0.81
0.92
0.93
0.70
0.77
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.89
0.78
0.91
0.82
0.71
0.83
0.89
0.75
0.80
0.86
0.87
0.84
0.87
0.89
0.83
0.88
0.89
0.77
0.91
0.79
0.86
0.90
0.92
0.81
0.91
0.82
0.85
0.87
0.88
0.86
0.83
0.93
1.00
1.03
1.03
Jpn Archit Rev | 2023 | 14
24758876, 2023, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2475-8876.12409 by Cochrane Japan, Wiley Online Library on [09/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
NAGASATO
NAGASATO
ET AL.
Table A3 (Continued)
Ref.
No.
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
e1
[mm]
e2
[mm]
[mm]
[]
[mm]
ex
[mm]
ey
[mm]
σy
[MPa]
σu
[MPa]
Pu,e
[kN]
Pu,e/Pu,c
[]
Jm
[]
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
125
125
125
76
102
102
41
41
41
41
41
41
83
83
41
41
83
83
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
65
65
65
76
102
102
41
41
41
41
83
83
41
41
83
83
41
41
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
80
80
100
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.2
2.3
2.3
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.4
2.3
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.8
2.3
2.6
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.9
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
80
60
50
75
50
50
50
110
75
60
60
90
70
60
21
21
21
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
37.5
37.5
37.5
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
62.5
62.5
62.5
38
51
51
21
21
21
21
21
21
41
41
21
21
41
41
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
25
25
25
25
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
21
21
21
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
80
60
60
75
60
60
60
110
75
70
70
90
70
70
63.5
63.5
63.5
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
12.8
12.8
12.8
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
19
19
19
21.6
27.9
27.9
12.1
12.1
11.3
11.3
30.7
30.7
7.5
7.5
29.8
29.8
6.9
6.9
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.1
21.0
21.1
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.4
20.4
20.5
26.0
25.9
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.4
25.4
26.5
26.5
26.6
35.7
21.6
27.9
27.9
12.1
12.1
11.3
11.3
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.1
21.0
21.1
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.4
20.4
20.5
26.0
25.9
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.4
25.4
16.3
16.3
16.3
17.4
321
321
321
323
323
323
323
323
323
323
323
338
338
338
277
277
277
247
247
252
252
247
247
247
247
252
252
252
252
452
452
452
457
457
457
457
457
457
457
457
468
468
468
317
317
317
385
385
366
366
385
385
385
385
366
366
366
366
502
502
502
463
463
463
457
457
457
502
502
463
463
463
457
457
457
502
502
463
463
463
457
457
502
502
502
502
305
349
364
429
458
477
485
384
466
480
497
644
689
731
38
45
49
16
20
49
59
18
22
25
30
54
62
80
90
55
65
78
89
98
102
82
97
110
94
92
108
131
142
115
140
143
110
115
122
152
165
161
179
62
71
78
64
1.65
1.52
1.22
1.46
1.39
1.20
1.04
1.57
1.60
1.34
1.13
1.48
1.45
1.27
1.08
0.98
0.86
0.98
1.02
1.24
1.20
0.90
0.79
0.86
0.82
1.04
0.86
1.08
0.95
1.02
0.97
0.99
1.16
1.06
0.94
1.03
1.00
1.00
0.91
0.77
0.99
0.92
0.80
0.98
0.94
0.79
1.02
0.78
1.03
0.98
0.84
0.94
0.88
0.99
0.82
0.76
0.99
0.87
1.00
1.04
0.87
0.93
0.97
0.98
0.79
0.96
0.99
1.02
0.88
0.95
1.00
0.76
0.64
0.70
0.56
0.71
0.69
0.82
0.39
0.49
0.54
0.66
0.46
0.53
0.69
0.77
0.59
0.68
0.80
0.67
0.73
0.75
0.59
0.70
0.80
0.54
0.56
0.46
0.56
0.59
0.46
0.57
0.59
0.53
0.49
0.41
0.52
0.53
0.49
0.56
0.45
0.51
0.58
0.39
Jpn Archit Rev | 2023 | 15
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ET AL.
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Table A3 (Continued)
Ref.
No.
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
50
50
80
80
80
80
80
80
100
100
65
65
65
65
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
65
65
65
65
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
e1
[mm]
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
40
40
40
40
e2
[mm]
[mm]
[]
[mm]
ex
[mm]
ey
[mm]
σy
[MPa]
σu
[MPa]
Pu,e
[kN]
Pu,e/Pu,c
[]
Jm
[]
25
25
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
33
33
33
33
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
18
18
18
18
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
60
60
60
60
35.6
35.7
29.2
29.2
29.2
10.0
10.0
10.0
8.5
8.5
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.4
17.3
17.4
23.2
23.2
23.2
16.3
16.3
16.4
17.5
17.5
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.4
320
320
320
320
502
502
502
502
502
502
502
502
502
502
444
444
444
444
77
82
69
81
89
67
78
85
90
103
204
243
258
267
0.83
0.76
0.87
0.80
0.74
0.87
0.79
0.78
0.83
0.78
1.27
1.24
1.15
1.12
0.44
0.51
0.36
0.42
0.47
0.51
0.60
0.67
0.59
0.67
0.72
0.86
0.91
0.95
block shear failure was calculated based on design equations
in AIJ Recommendation for Design of Connections in Steel
Structures,5 as follows.
Pu,b,c ¼ ðAnt þ 0:5Ans Þσ u ,
(A1)
where Ant is the area where tensile force acts, and Ast is the
area where shear forces act.
Appendix B: Definition of Yield Tensile Strength
The yield tensile strength is defined as the intersection of
dashed lines A and B, as shown in Figure A1.22 Dashed line A
is a straight line connecting the ultimate tensile strength Pu,e
and 0.9Pu,e (90% of the ultimate tensile strength), whereas
dashed line B is a straight line connecting 0.3Pu,e (30% of the
FIGURE A1
Definition of yield tensile strength
ultimate tensile strength) and 0.5Pu,e (50% of the ultimate tensile strength).
Appendix C: Comparisons of Experimental Results with
Design Equations for Brace Connections in AISI, AISC, and
Eurocode 3
Appendix C compares the experimental results with the ultimate tensile strength based on the design equations for brace
connections in the 2016 edition of AISI18,19 and Eurocode 3,20
which are not presented in Section 3. In the United States,
steel members with a plate thickness of 4.76 mm or less are
designed using the design equations of the North American
Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural
Members 18), whereas members thicker than 4.76 mm are
designed using the design equations provided in the Seismic
Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings.19 In the 2012 edition
of the AISI provisions, the same design equations are used to
calculate the tensile strength of bolted and welded connections.
However, in the 2016 edition, bolted and welded connections
are classified and provide separate design equations.
Figure A2A shows a comparison of the test results and calculations based on the 2016 edition of the AISI provision.
Figure A2B shows a comparison of the test results and calculations based on the design equations provided in the 2016 edition of the AISC provision for plate thicknesses >4.76 mm.
The vertical axes in Figure A2A,B are normalized by calculations based on the 2016 edition of the AISI provision su.AISI2016
and the 2016 edition of the AISC provision su.AISC2016, respectively. The 2016 edition of the AISI provision for relatively
thin plates shows a good correspondence between the experimental and calculation results in the range of width-to-thickness
ratios >40, whereas the 2016 edition of the AISC provision for
relatively thick plates shows a good correspondence in the range
of width-to-thickness ratios <30. However, a large scatter
exists, and neither design equation provides a unified design
procedure for both thin and thick plate members. The Eurocode
design equation shown in Figure A2C is expressed in terms of a
reduction factor that considers the number of bolts and bolt
pitch. However, the calculation results based on the design
equation in Eurocode 3 also exhibit a large scatter, with smaller
width-to-thickness ratios, thus resulting in overly conservative
assessments.
Jpn Archit Rev | 2023 | 16
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NAGASATO
FIGURE A2 Comparisons between tensile test results and calculations in several design provisions: (A) 2016 edition of the AISI, (B) 2016 edition
of the AISC, and (C) Eurocode 3
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Jpn Archit Rev | 2023 | 17
ET AL.
NAGASATO
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...
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