Single-walled carbon nanotube membrane accelerates active osteogenesis in the bone defect. : the possibility for guided bone regeneration membrane [an abstract of entire text]

概要

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are investigated as biomaterials because of their chemical, physical, andbiological properties. We have been studying the application of CNTs as biomaterials and reportedthat CNTs have high compatibility with bone tissue.The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is commonly applied to reconstruct alveolar boneand treat peri-implant bone defects. For the GBR technique, a barrier membrane is used to cover thebone defects, preventing the entry of non-osteogenic cells like epithelial cells and fibroblasts in bonedefects. Furthermore, the membrane is desired to maintain a space for new bone formation. However,previous materials sometimes delayed bone regeneration in clinical practice because of theirmechanical and biological properties.In this study, we developed a CNT-based GBR membrane with the possibility to accelerate boneregeneration because of the high strength to make space and cellular shielding to induceosteogenesis. The CNT membrane was made by dispersion single-walled CNT (SWCNT) inhyaluronic acid solution and filtration. The CNT membrane has a nanostructure surface due to thebundle of SWCNT and showed high strength and hydrophilicity after oxidation. In addition, theproliferation of osteoblasts was promoted, whereas non-osteogenic cells were not. The CNTmembrane covered the bone defect made in rat calvaria. At 8 weeks after the surgery, more extensivebone formation was observed compared to the defect without membrane. The diffusion of CNT wasscarcely observed around the membrane. These results indicate that the CNT membrane hasadequate strength, stability, surface characteristics for osteoblast, and shielding properties topromote bone formation as a GBR membrane. Therefore, evidence of the safety and osteogenicpotential of CNTs in the further animal experiment for the clinical situation will be sufficient fortheir clinical application in the GBR technique.